GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



47* 



dignity, and interest 



pwnxk of puD» ^ t o 7 f doors Britain. Resolutions were passed appointing a 



^ ° • the duty of circulating information, and of inviting con 



foence 



thin sticks ; an extra five cents will secure a dried « Sea horse " ; and yet another five 

 cents a dned fish of peculiarly narrow shape, and about four inches in length. 

 • ."" t0 undertake the duty ot circulating inior.iuu.ui., ^ - •"»""* A » these are boiled together, and the decoction drunk as a remedy for heartburn, 



common action when it appeared that steps might usefully be taken toothache, cough, dimness of sight, and almost any other ailment. It is difficult 



to identify most of the vegetable ingredients in consequence of their being cut or 



fellowship 



Temple 



p«rl menu _ 0 vi • — -^xjuvuwv kja. luwii uemg lul or 



d llwav Companies and the R.H.S.-Early in March last the Council broken up into small fragments, but the following occur amongst those brought 

 l Rnval Horticultural Society proposed to the various railway companies that to Kew. Fruit heads of an Eriocaulon, apparently E. cantoniense. This plant 

 « Z the society should be permitted, upon presentation of their cards of has a reputation in China for various diseases, such as ophthalmia, especially in 



^ T - J ■ children, as a styptic in nose bleeding, and in affections of the kidney. Another 



ingredient capable of identification, consists of the spiney hooks from the stems ot 

 the Gambler plant (Uncaria Gambier, Roxb.), which have astringient properi:ie« 



, . . . are mostly used in infantile complaints. Some very thin transverse sections 



, to the advantage both of the societies and of the stem of Akebia quinata, a climbing berberidaceous plant, also cccur in 



. ... ....... . small q u antities> ^ wd , as the baik of Eucommia ulmoides> known M the , <Tu 



Chung." Tonic and invigoraticg properties are ascribed to it, and it is said to be 

 valued at as much as 4 s. to 8s. per pound. Though the bark is very thin, it is 



•iTMM 



and especially on the occasion ot tfte lemp 

 Sn *e circular letter sent by the Rev. W. Wilks 

 Jied to the Bath and West of England Agricultural 

 ^cultural Society, and other bodies ******* 



!v railway companies. In reply, the companies mumaieu mat iuc imuci was uis- 

 aLed at a meeting of the Associated Railway Companies and the proposal declined. 



Convenient Flowers.— A writer in an American contemporary points out 



--.♦rowers are very convenient. Suppose, he says, it is desirable at the last 



ent to break a dinner engagement from choice cr necessity. If the note 

 which explains your sudden call out of town is accompanied by a box of roses the 

 lady feels less sting, and you miss much of her displeasure. Or suppose the girl 

 joq admire is going abroad, and you are^diffident about suggesting a correspon- 



: t. Flowers sent to the steamer will arrange the whole thing for you. The 



recipient must acknowledge them, you answer, the note she posts from the first 

 port at which the steamer stops, and the desired : correspondence is established. 

 Then there is the birthday for which you forget to purchase a gift, or the social 

 debt you owe. Some handsome flowers will take the place of these things, and 

 pre you the reputation of being a man of taste. 



elastic gum, which can be drawn 



been 



when it is broken apart. 



are crushed flower heads of a composite pllnt. and slices of a slender*] tw^Ukc 

 stem, probably a willow. 



The Vineyards of France do not appear to be in a very flourishing con- 



ditiDn at present, owing to the low temperature that has for so long prevailed. 

 In almost all parts of the country much warmer weather is needed, both for the 

 vines and sugar beet. In the south-eastern districts the vine growers are com- 

 plaining of the premature falling of grapes, while in other districts the excessive 



season 



have 



congenial weather ensues. 



unless 



ihe 



'mm^mrn ~ - — - , — ■ w J — O ' ' J 



twenty-fifth anniversary of the opening of the first fruit farm factory in Paraguay Tea or Mate can be obtained from more than one species of 



England. This firm started in a small way, and by careful attention to growing plants, as notes on the botany of those yielding it were published in the Aew 



fruit, packing, preserving, jam making, &c, .has grown rapidly, until now it Bulletin of 1892, pp. 132-137, will show. In 1893 seeds of what was believed to 



fcyiix hundred acres under cultivation, and employs eight hundred persons. U ~ * Tl ... — - - - 



Some New Hoes have been on trial for some time past at the Chiswick 

 lrdens of the Royal Horticultural Society, where their usefulness for various 



1 " 1 The Sproughton Hoe, an invention by the Rev. ^unately none of the seeds sown at Kew germinated. The following interesting 



- - ^ * information respecting the tea made from the leaves, so largely used in South 



"pulled America > is taken from a tepoxt issued by the Foreign Office in 1897: Yerba-mate, 



be true Ilex paraguensis were received at Kew through the kindness of Senor 

 Glaziou, Director de Tasseio Publico, Rio de Janeiro. After retaining a few the 

 others were distributed to various botanical institutions in the Colonies. Unfor- 



?WP<*« . . « -- , — 



Foster Melliar, of rose -growing fame, is a double-edged Dutch hoe, that cuts 

 through A •• • - - - - - 



towards 



uoo of < 



merit as 



or 



or Paraguayan tea, is the most valuable article of export. There are two classes 

 sold, but it is only in the manner of preparation that they differ. The kind known 



r — — .w — .*»» U c*^*w «xvx xxx tilt CldUlU* 



ieep-rooted weeds. The Chiswick report gives the Sproughton imple- „ _ 



" a most useful hoe. " Mr. G. Abbey, Eltham, sent a heart-shaped hoe *? Mborovire 1S merel y dned over a fumace, and then beaten into small 



*»t is valuable for drilling, but unsuitable for other use. The third hoe is more pieCCS W " h sticks ' The " Mouda " g° es through the same process, but it is after- 



Ihan either of the foregoing, and no doubt some of our readers will Wards S round in a milL The ex P° rt dut y °n ihe former was increased in 1895 



CUIDUS 



Wyth 



from 30 c. paper to 10 c. gold, and on the latter from 25 c, paper to 9 c. gold 



It is composed of several strong prongs that revolve on an axle and is an pet IO kil ° S * The revenue derived frora this s ° u *ce in 1895 amounted to 



•dmiiablc 



the hand cultivators are. 



j. , It is easily worked in light soils, and penetrates 



«*P7 enough to — " " 1 - " ~ - 



W be valuable. 



Ro&d. RrPPtff.rrl 



471,668 dollars (equal to ^16,845). The Veiba forests, called Yerbales, were 

 formerly the property of the State, but most of them have been sold, and are now 



On hard soils it would * n ^ e ^ an( ^ s °^ a ^ ew ^P^^'^^ 5 an( ^ companies. 



'araguaya 



This pronged hoe was sent to Chiswick by Mr. Shailer Avenue pan7, which ° WnS ab ° Ut ha ' f ° f the Yerba,es known to exist in the country, 



' exnorts annuallv about 400.C00 arrobas fd.t;i2 tons). The total quantity of 



docript 



Botanical 



past 



ttOOi 



uropean 



average price per arroba (25 lbs.) was 11 dollars 50 cents paper (equal to 7s. 8d.). 

 Paraguay tea is now advertised for sale in this country, and appears to be in 

 moderate demand ; possibly as a curiosity more 



than 



than 



M * a cst,ne > closely allied to t tenax ; Eria latibracteata, a Bornean orchid State Aid for Horticulture. At the distribution of prizes and diplomas 



dull yellowish flowers ; and Calochortus clavatus, a bright yellow species t0 successful students at the Horticultural College; Swanley, on Wednesday last, 

 "J ""educed to cultivation by Mr. Carl Purdy. Sir Trevor Lawrence stated as a remarkable circumstance that, although we in 



Meltd Ke!de^!! d S Qy P SUm -- In a communication to Nature, Mr. T. 

 * "cavations n A k- ! ^ ^ b ° U,der ° f &P sum has b "n uncovered by 



•* uZZ t7; ks of Mn Ed - Peters > Cooks Lane ' Great c ™ h y> 



houlder clav ? ^ Com P ,ete, y surrounded by a thick bed of 



*• »««ace IfT " 0m ° f the bouIder bein S ab ^t seventeen feet below 



any other country that he knew of, the State did nothing in the direction of 

 systematic horticultural education. In Belgium, Holland, France, and Germany 

 the State undertook to establish a satisfactory system of horticultural education, 



had 



that 

 was 



•i-rcnerlJm- • & xne D0UAa er measures 



•-d puw T 1 *' Md wci8bs about thirteen tons - 



J^wofselenite are not unco 

 ZZ * 0t 0n, y f ar surpasses 1 



^ W IS actually the larger K^„,^.. * ^ - 



taken 



eleven feet by six feet muc h more difficult to establish a satisfacto ry system of education by private effort 



Small pieces of gypsum an d energy than it would ba if we had the resources of the State at our command. 



m — — — - — ■ — ■ »^ ■ ■ ■ ■ — 



mon in our boulder clays ; but this individual 



m * *e boulder ri. K uouiaer ot any sort that Mr. Reade has seen tl 



Th « Americ reC ° rded b ° m * ^ thC nei g hbourbo ° d of Liverpool, 



^qnawity U « n u^" 7 Cr <>P been a good one this season as 



** Ml sold at ten Z ^ * at ° DCe the market fcl, » and 



««« «h»t ;I o _ C ' f ° r * shillin S and a half-penny. The Rural New 

 powers 1 



^ that'xruny 



spraying 



The Palm OH Trade conducted between this and numerous tropical 

 countries is very large, and a study of the business, even superficially, would prove 

 most interesting. In Paraguay the Agricultural Bank has for some time past been 

 encouraging the palm oil business by importing crushing machines and selling 

 them at cost price ; it has also purchased quantities of palm nuts and demonstrated 

 the profitableness of home crushing as against th e direct export of nuts to Liver- 

 pool. Mr. Consul Holmes states, in his report for 1897, that some two thousand 



bank to Liverpool ~* % * 



trawbernes with some poisonous material. The r x nOT T 6s id The expenses, freights, commissions, insurance, etc., amounted 



T^ ^bles of the strawb PP eating strawbe »ies, and this added to the tQ ^, - - l8s< 4d-) s0 that the net amount realised was ^935 17s. 9^- In currency 

 ■"T U>i» year. alrh™,..i. A" y grower * The earlier fruits seem to have made the arrnba (twenty-five pounds) delivered in Liverpool amounted to 



?■»* of ***** description 



^rfZ h .' m at Town, San 



Mr. J. K. Burtt Davy, formerly a 

 attached to the University of California, Berkeley, 



arroba (twenty-five pounds) delivered in Liverpool 

 3" dols." 30^ c M and the profit on each arroba to 43 c. The price of the African 

 palm nut (EAeis ptineensis) in London in July last varied from £9 ios. to £10 per 

 ton. Whereas the Paraguayan nut, owing to its yielding more oil, fetched from 



made 



m «licin 

 *allv 



London 



preparation 



pal 



weed 



far duL W4ac P ri « Paid : , ''k^ Varying in the numbe ^ of ingredients 



•A^ 5 ^ *e root of (St ft ° T 5 ° Cents) - Such a Prescription usually contains 



^kchafe rinT^^ ?T*i hCadS ° f a COm P° site P ,ant ' dried 



' *** skm t head and tail of a lizard on 



10,000 tons at ^11 per ton. Uut tnougn me cocoa 

 parts of the country, it is extremely doubtful whether these orders can be executed 

 owing to the difficulty of collecting the nuts. And for this the peasant is to blame, 

 as it is said he finds the task of collecting and crushing the nuts too laborious and 

 not sufficiently remunerative to suit his usually desultory and happy-go-lucky 

 methods of earniDg a living. 



