JCLY .,°> 



1898- 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



487 



1 rhes sent by Mr. Ward have not come under our notice, 

 ° f tTres't S the fact that the trees from which the fruits were gathered 

 tffet of some in er twentv dozen each. 



pot 



L n produced a 



crop of about twenty 



« fn Mr N. N. Sherwood.-At the invitation of Sir 



presentation to • ^ of ^ Gardeners , Company an d their 



*** ™ p]ace , Winkfield, on Tuesday. Luncheon was served on the 



ests and on the conclusion of this function the Master expressed 

 ^ of the guests, ^ weicome members of the company< He then, 



* plosure that it Sherwood with an iUuminated address, as 

 ■ at few words pre rf ^ Worshipful Company of Gardeners in 



fcU ° WS: t master's badge to Nathaniel Newman Sherwood, Esq., desire 

 ^nTord their high appreciation of his services as Master of the company 



jice on record 



t wo years 1896-7, l*9T*> 

 -vr«nv combined with the 

 >Scd hospitality, has endeared him to his colleagues, 



His willingness to promote the interests of the 

 genial but firm occupancy of the chair and 



who, on his retire- 



^ntfrom iu<= ■ r» - - « « ^ <] f t,_ it haH ** ° 1JCltC4 LU L1JC " uauuia ucncitiu. xdc pian aaopieu uy uie garuener was to puc 



Ewood replied in an equally bnef speech, and l «f * the straw aside over a piece of the bed, and then trowel in hand turn over the 

 ^ him to preside over so important a company as the gardeners two year, temoorarilv removed, and 



the mastenhip, wish him long life and continued prosperity.' 



Mr. 



note of successful treatment with which Miss Ormerod states she has been favoured 

 by Messrs. Laxton Bros., of Bedford, appears to me to be such a great advance, 

 that she has requested, and been kindly favoured, by their permission to make it 

 public. Messrs. Laxton wrote on the 19th inst. as follows: 44 We are pleased 

 to be able to report that we have almost entirely destroyed the beetle pest, which 

 played such havoc with our strawberry crop last season. We purchased a large 

 quantity of cheap pudding basins early this spring. These we let into the ground 

 level with the surface at distances of a few yards apart, and kept them baited with 

 pieces of lights and sugar water. When the weather was dry, we often caught half 

 a basinful of a night, until the number gradually diminished to two or three, and 

 now none at all. It is a laborious process, but well worth the trouble, as we have 

 lost no fruit this season." Another plan of treatment which has succeeded well 

 on the much smaller scale of private garden culture has been communicated to 

 Miss Ormerod by her friend and neighbour the Rev. J. A. Cruikshank, of Sand- 

 ridge, near St. Alban's. The ground amongst the strawberries was (as is customary) 

 covered with straw, which has been noticed as much approved of by the beetles as 

 a shelter to their haunts beneath. The plan adopted by the gardener was to put 



prenhi 



in succession 



preside over so important a company as the Gardeners 



surface of the earth from which the straw had been temporarily removed, and 

 secure the sheltering beetles, and then replace the straw. Thus gradually, in this 



first part of the crop was ruined, afterwards, when this plan had been carried out, 

 the fruit was saved from further ravage. "This beetle pest has become such a 



Meadow Saffron {Colchicitm autwunale), which is much appreciated in wayj going over the bed the beetles were captured by hundreds, and whereas the 



«rdens for the beauty of its flowers, and forms so delightful a feature of the less — — - - - - - 



Clydre<sed parts of the pleasure grounds when planted in the grass, is, by _ _ — — ^ ^ ^ ^ a 



loo of its poisonous properties highly objectionable as a constituent of pastures. 



serious trouble to strawberry growers," observes Miss Ormerod, " that I have much 



fccendy several complaints have reached the Board of Agriculture of the injury . - - .... ... 



fcoe to cattle by it. In one case several bullocks weie seriously injured, but 



ered when they were removed from the meadow in which it was plentiful. 



recov 



Tbe poisonous properties of the plant has long been known, and in France it bears 

 the popular name of Tue baeuf, or kill-ox. The most dangerous period is from 



pleasure in submitting the -above methods of prevention, in the hope of doing 

 something towards checking its ravages." 



Hampstead Heath Extension.— It is gratifying to learn that the fund 



for the acquisition of the Golder's Hill Estate now stands at .£37,000. About 

 £4,000 is still required, but the committee in charge of the scheme are confident 



tk end of April to the end of May, when the seed capsules have been sent up n l I 77 ~' ^ , l V r r 7 a \ 



m cdu vi rtp / * - r mm l m L^i they will be able to hand the park over to the County Council in August, 



fan the corms or bulbs, and the leaves are in full vigour ; and at this season, * * J fe 



t&e corms or bulbs, and the leaves are in full vigour ; and at this season, 

 when animals are first turned out, grass is sometimes very short, and they are 

 nost eager for green food, and are more likely to eat the meadow saffron. From 



An Earl on Gardening.— The recent Kenilworth Flower show was opened 

 by the Earl of Clarenden in the grounds of Kenilworth Castle, and at the cere- 



ihe middle of September to the end of October, when the flowers are formed, mony the noble Earl remarked that he could remember the time when not only 



there is also considerable danger to grazing animals, as at this time the grass is the peasant in his cottage, but the monarch in his palace, were absolutely satisfied 



tick and the flowers might be taken up with the grass. This weed, how r ever, the rose and the tulip, intermixed perhaps here and there with a few 



htttn acrid taste, and it is not very likely that animals would eat it except in geraniums and a little verbena. Now-a-days nobody was satisfied, at all events, 



Ofer haste to get green food, or if keep were very scarce, or again if taken up the monarch in his palace was not satisfied, unless he had a carnation the size of a 



soup-plate and roses all the year round. He thought that all this was a good 

 sign, as refinement of cultivation and appreciation of the beautiful in Nature led to 



He felt confident that the association with, and the 



iccidcnully among thick grass. The bulbs have an unpleasant odour as well as 

 in acrid taste, and would probably be rejected by animals, except, perhaps, 



iNogryptgg. The greatest danger from this weed seems to be from the leaves refinement in other things, 

 ndieed capsules getting into hay, as in this form its acrid flavour would be modi- cultivation of, what was lovely and loveafcle in Nature not only softened the 

 led by the heating process, and if it were present in considerable quantities it character, but also produced its influence in every profession, pursuit, pleasure, 

 ■ifht produce serious consequences. The plant should, as far as practicable, be or f orm of business which they might take up in life. It was gratifying to find 

 endicated from pastures, which can be best accomplished by digging up the bulbs, 

 •how situation is easily seen by the flowers without leaves in the autumn, or by 



m large green leaves and peculiar seed capsules in the spring. An excellent tool 

 sued in France for extracting the bulbs. It consists simply of a rod of iron, en- 

 Npd at the end and sharply pointed ; about ten inches from the end a moveable 

 «w with three prongs is fastened so that it may fold upwards, and allow the tool 

 F**er to be thrust into the earth. 



how great an increase there had been in the cultivation of vegetables during the 

 last twenty-five years. When they remembered the thousands of tons of vege- 

 tables that were imported from foreign countries, it seemed a pity that labouring 

 men could not grow vegetable products to a much greater extent in their own 



If fruit and vegetables were to be grown for sale, how- 



gardens and allotments 



As it was, fruit was often picked in 



draw, 



When the claw is below the bulb the tool is 



up, when the claw extends and brings the bulb with it. 

 Chillies and Capsicums.— Pod peppers or capsicums, the fruits of 



ever, they must be made to look attractive- 

 an immature state, and was carelessly packed, so that it was delivered into the 



market in an unsound condition* 



Cjpttcum annuurn and allied species, are a well-known spice and condiment, 

 ^yarean indispensable ingredient in curries and are largely consumed in the 

 wand dried state and in pickles. Some forms of capsicums known as bell 

 gas are entirely free from the acrid and burning pungency so characteristic of 



^juits, and may be eaten cooked as a vegetable or in salads. Chillies, Bird 

 »WKa Peppers, the fruits of the shrubby Capsicum minimum (usually much 

 than the preceding), grow generally in tropica 1 countries. These are in 

 tmand in commerce. When thoroughly dried and pounded, and afterwards 



r0Ugh a hand miU and sifter, they are the principal sources of the well- 

 ■* hundred i PePPCr * Accordin g to the Kew Bulletin it is estimated that about 

 W* Indi« IT v dnCd ChiIHeS are annual, y received in this country from the 



m t £P the East and Wen Coasts of Africa. The price at which they 



S^z2u° 1 ? eHabIe to considerable fluctuation. In May, 1898, "fifty 

 pod I aDan l l \T £old|wlthout ^serve at 29s. to 29s. 6d. : while fifty-eight bags 



^Tir\v at ^ to 4is - per ° wt -' 



KfclmuL T ^l 1 ^' (!u " and ur.e\en ^ colour, were valued (in February 



colour • at 20S ' Per CWt ' What is evident] y required is an article 

 Strawb 1 m riUallty * and P° ssessin g g reat Pungency. 



erry Qroun d Beetles.— A considerable proportion of our readers 



years to the 



* rtpeninr i, miSChief which haS been Caused of late r™» l " " IC 

 k " Ua -" There a £U r neS by the ravages of what are known as "ground 



Ue all of a C h ° f theSC beetIes ' ver y much aIike in appearance, 



~ ««e from b^° W K lSh ° r - blackish colour ' with lon g le g s and horDS » but 

 KM Th/ Ut balf * an - incn > or less, in length, to a good deal over that 



* ^ pos COmmonest > a s well as the most 



^nUficaUv ^ ^ wiHing use) of ample and stron g win g s » is the 



? tbe Hajfprfw nirkorais. The injury is caused l.y 



* fruit in r* k °C ***** or less size in the fruit » a, so spoiling the sur- 



A New Treatment of Sewage.— Acting on the belief that the complete 



destruction of pathogenic microbes cannot be insured by their natural enemies in 

 sewage, Mr. P. S. Hyslop, M.Inst.C.E., Walmer, has devised a means of effect- 

 ing this aim by the addition of calorific sterilization to bacteriological treatment 

 of sewage. He has also modified the usual system. The settling tanks are 

 subdivided into cells, which again have baffle-plates so arranged thai the sewage 

 must pass down a restricted passage, near the foot of which it meets wrth an 

 upward current of air emitted under pressure from a pipe suspended from the top, 

 so that aeration is under direct control^A supply tank « fitted so that, w.th the 

 usual variations in the strength of the sewage, ihe «r supply may be -creased 

 easily The sewage passes under the baffle into the larger division of the cell, 



rises and flows through a restricted passage into the next cell, and thus succes- 

 rises and ttows tnro g ^ ^ ^ ^ deposhed Jn 



It is suitably drained, removed, dried, and burned. 

 The next andViluncIe* treatment in the process is the passing of the liquid 

 after the usual admixture of alkali, through heat exchangers in which it cools ana 

 t itself heated by liquid previously operated upon. The heat -changers com- 

 is itseii ne*ic y h t r steri ij ias of the vertical cylindrical form, having a 

 mumcate with ^^^^ at the ^ of Jvessel, and by the actu- 

 .• ( f„m i^ra is heated and propelled through the helical passage to a vessel 



l \ „ n Her a'sludce-diymg platform into a settling tank, and thence 



2Z£ filte? Acco rfing ^Ertnllg, Mr. Hyslop dispenses with circular 

 *est ttheat jffi so as to minimise the hydraulic mean depth, and 



Lep the particles *J^^££g Z^^^ and 

 objectionable kind, on liquid from the exchangers « u* ^/^^^^ are collected and led 



tnd strnncr winfT>. ic; the other gases expel lea iron. ^ m 



the Y sively through the sev 



formed for its reception 



A sample of capsicums grown at St. 



helical partition 



The heated 



**y t* fouJd I y a ° ti0n ° f lheir J aws ' and h y moving the seeds, 

 T^Btethods of oJ Wg m ^ uantities on the ground beneath the attacked fruit. 

 Jf Ppi * placiL ° f thc pcsts ' deluding a moderately successful plan 



*** ^ ri ng 'tLe 2 S ° h (theSC beetleS being also «W»^°WW) in the 

 ^ Method of de r U »V^ g have been tric(3, but some more generally 



aA i"S with the attack was greatly needed, and the following 



. \ , whirh the ammonia is absorbed by dilute sulphuric acid, 



f ' he Cra ';Tbt ,Tt us P«*„. ApW for dealing wUh ico.oco 

 pjfo„ of xwge, • « J P SI J QU I , , ow . leve , xweti ftom 



ttSSRZm* : to lhe ueat '" s esumled to 



