552 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



AOGUST 2 7| l89 g 



local spring and a retentive soil, which affords at this precise spot, and presented by Sir Joseph 



there only, the particular conditions indispensable to growth, in the supposed that these four i 



large majority of cases. However, the reason is by no means clear, and One of the set was destroy^ Dy st 01 



we are driven to impute the restriction to local soil constituents which < emaini °g s P^ ime f n f wlU f J"J 



, V , r t- .-l • j u f^of the trees was made int0 four chairs f 

 favour a development of this particular species, and may be check that 



Ufa 



lany more years, 



Panted in Loo^ 

 natural causes, a* 



one 



of others. The diversity of soils is indeed immense, especially in rocky 

 regions, where different formations crop up, and by their weathering 

 down create each a different sort of debris which mixed with the de- 

 caying and special vegetation which it has particularly favoured, becomes 

 eventually a very peculiar kind of compost indeed, both the original elements 

 of the rock and the subsequent humus or leaf mould differing from those 

 in the vicinity. In travelling through the south of England we may see 

 two extremes of this class ; in Kent the softly swelling outlines of the 

 chalk hills are flanked by whitish grey fields, liberally strewed with flints, 

 a short stunted and very peculiar lime loving flora clothing the soil 

 wherever it is uncultivated. Steering west, however, and reaching 

 Devon, we come upon the red sandstone, with hills also of rounded cou- 

 ture, but covered with rich red, brown, and chocolate-coloured fields, 

 as bright in tint as a painter's palette could make them, and with 

 a rich vegetation of intense verdure and vigour, forming a fitting foil in 

 the landscape with its complementary tints. These are but two leaves 

 of the great book of Nature beneath our feet, each page of which is a 

 stratum of rock which once represented a surface, and no two of which 

 ate identical in their composition or history. In some parts where these 

 lie parallel with the present surface we have an evenly distributed vegeta- 

 tion due to similarity of conditions ; but in others, where slow crumpling 

 or the volcanic catastrophes of the past have turned the leaves edgewise. 



^ U1 luc warQ ens at the Apothecaries 



Sugarcane Cultivation in Spain. -The cultivation of th» - 



is the main resource of the Motril region of Southern Spain, the f^JT 

 soil being m great measure due to the alluvial deposits brought T w ^ 

 mountain torrents m their course to join the River Ou^oif^ u- . ^ ™* 



the Veg a. An abundant crop U > Jw ^ *■* 



value will fully compensate growers for the sacrifices and delay in OT 

 Prices are expected to rule remuneratively, as there are seven canciushiwZk 

 hshments in the neighbourhood, and there will be brisk competition in 

 The crop of cane from Motnl, Lobreno, and Salobreno, is calculated auES 

 10,500,000 arrobas (an arroba equals 25 lb.) To this may be added some 80*00 

 arrobasfrom Castel de Ferro for crushing, and, besides, Almunecar prod** 

 1,200,000 arrobas for supply o f the crushing mills established there. 



British Association. -The arrangements for the meeting of the Brit* 

 Association at Bristol are now approaching completion. The real work of the 

 association is done at the various sectional meetings, and some of those which wi| 

 be held at Bristol appear to be of a particularly interesting character. The 

 President of the Botanical Section is Professor F. O. Bower, F.R.S. 'whose 

 address will probably be devoted to discussing our present views as to theclaaifi. 

 cation of the members of plants. There will also ibe a discussion, which s 

 expected to be of a very interesting character, on alternation of generations, which 

 will be opened by Dr. W. H. Lowe. One of the afternoons will be given up to & 

 popular lecture on a physiological subject by Mr. Blackman. The President of the 



there naturally we may expect to find, and do find, that the varied Geological Section is Mr.W. H. Hudleston, F.R.S., and in his presidential addre 



habitats mean varied tenants, and while the number of species is 

 immensely increased, their limits are inevitably more or less sharply 

 defined Other conditions of environment, of course, come in as factors, 

 but these more or less invisible soil complications are certainly the main 

 ones in determining the local prevalence of plants, and their restriction 

 to certain spots. The mere mechanical texture of a soil must often de- 

 termine the start in life, or extinction of it, in a seed, It is in these 

 delicate, incipient stages that small favourable or unfavourable points 



he is expected to deal mainly with certain points in the geology of the south- 

 west of England east of Dartmoor. It will be an address devoted principally to 

 the local geology. Keeping Bath as the centre, Mr. Hudleston will probably 

 draw attention to the great variety of geological formation within a radius of 

 fifty miles— a variety which is hardly matched anywhere in the country in an cqul 



area. '■ • \ .'■ ' . • 



Australian Oranges. — Large consignments of oranges have been dispatched 

 to London of late from Australia and the experiment of exporting oranges to this 



become of vital importance ; the rapid or slow germination of the seeds country is being watched with much interest by the growers in New South Wal 

 themselves is another factor which would interact with the rapid or slow and victoria - Ifc is anticipated that should this year's shipments prove succcd 



3 ' " " - a considerable trade will be done in these fruits between the two colonies u 



England. Mr. W. N. White says that last May, when he believed that ti 

 coming fruit crops in this country were likely to prove a failure he cabled h 

 firm's agent at Hobart, Tasmania, to at once proceed to Sydney and sec if 1 



drying of a soil, and tend in many cases to determine that only a par- 

 ticular class of soil would permit the seed to grow, which means a 

 rigid limitation to the area occupied by the parental form as its habitat. 



to this country. The upshot of this was that their agent induced one prooiiw 

 dealer to guarantee a certain quantity if he would advance so much money apu 

 them, and after that he approached three or four of the local fruit assocutiCI 

 who at once circularised the whole of their members, stating that an advance c 



Hunnemannia fumaritefolia is an extremely pretty half-hardy perennial 

 introduced from Mexico by a Mr. Barclay, of Bury Hill, in 1827. Both in foliage 

 arid flowers it is very much like Eschscholtzia californica, the full poppy-shaped 



bloom being brilliant golden yellow, tinted with orange. This plant may be culti- , , , . , ... f , - ffi • , tn {nr the fruit ^1^, „ 



vated as a biennial ™d if Itmm- in o 1 u a • i . • . be made which would be more than sufficient to pay lor tne iruit, pacw^, « 



it wHl nnZl ? I a ? , greenhouse or pit during the first winter _ mA Z! ,»,. f „;„u> n«u k. ™M tn F.n*l a nd if thev would euaantet 



it will flower freely during the following summer, especially if the season is a 

 bright and warm one. The genus Hunnemannia is monotypic, and the title was 

 given by Sweet, in compliment to Mr. John Ilunneman, who was a well-known 

 botanical agent and introducer of new and rare seeds and plants early in the 

 present century. Although generally treated as a biennial on account of its tender- 

 ness, Hunnemannia fumarfefolia is a true perennial, and consequently should not 

 have been included by Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons in their display for the 

 Sherwood Cup on Tuesday last. 



Fruit Sales.— Numerous sales of growing crops of fruit have been held 



past 



Wood 



Mr. Tompsett of the crops of about five hundred acres, consisting of apples, pears, 

 plums, and damsons, and the prices obtained for the more important crops were 

 as follows : Hale Street Farm, apples only, 5a. 2r., £4$. Tanners and Church 

 Farms, apples only, 4 a. 2r., £40. The Grange Farm, apples, plums, and 

 damsons, 6a., £200 ; damsons, pears, and apples, 2a., £10 ; apples, 25a., ^,210. 

 Badsell Farm, apples, 10a. 3r., £155. Hadlow Place— Damson plantation, la. 

 2 '-> £34 ; young plantation, apples and plums, 3a. 2r., £60 ; apples, pears, and 

 plums, 3a. or. 2 8p., £54 ; Gold-hill Farm, apples, pears, and walnuts, 3a. 2r., 

 ~37- Cronk's Farm, apples, 4a. 2r., £105. Bainden, damsons and apples, 18a. ; 

 apples, plums and damsons, 19a. ; and apples, 2a. 2r., £455. Brenchley, apples 

 and damsons, 8a„ £ l2S . Matfield, 2a . Z i SP ., £22. PP 



Chelsea Botanic Garden.— The Charity Commissioners have agreed to 

 take OV e r the trust of the Physic Garden, Chelsea, andlmaintain it for the purposes 

 ill ° t ? n study * 11 1S situ ated at the east end of Cheyne Walk, covers more 

 man three acres, and was originally leased from Lord Cheyne by the Apothecaries' 



hTuTchlU rl 7 " ***** andWt h ° Use - In Si < Hans sToane, who 



^ purchased Chelsea manor f rom the second and last Lord Cheyne, presented 



K>tnecaries Company i n trust upon the express condition that " it 

 umes be continued as a physic garden for the manifestation of the 



in creation, and that the apprentices 



cases, and that the freight would be paid to England if they would 8 u * rt » 

 certain amount on consignment. That guarantee the agent obtained. TW« 

 goods have all been shipped in the cool chamber, as cxp eriments have l" ev,0 *Jj 

 proved that it is useless to attempt to send them as ordinary cargo. In ihecuol 

 chamber the risk of their arriving in bad condition is infinitesimal, but »topf*r> 

 have to contract to pay for the space w hether filled or not, and a iuft *7 

 quantity must be contracted for to induce the steamship owners to put W* 

 refrigerating machinery in order. Messrs. W. N. White and Co. "-*Pf* 

 season to receive between 20,000 and 50,000 boxes from New South W 

 of a beginning, and if the season's trading proves successful they think w 

 shipments from the Australasian colonies to this country will total 

 yearly. The first consignment of these oranges arrived in London on 



coo cases containing an aggregate <»™T 



million and a half oranges. Unfortunately, during the voyage, the 

 machinery broke down, with the result that at least two thirds ot ^ 

 were found to be spoilt. This is a great loss and disappomtm 

 better shipments are expected later, as, so far, only about a quarter 01 

 pated supply has arrived. 



Cheap Transit of Garden Produce.-It is highly ^ff^^p, 



that remarkable success continues to attend the enterprise hm - 



Railway Comoanv. whirh carries farm and garden produce, suchas c 



by S.S. " Ormuz 



cream, eggs 



cooau? 



awbicfc 



London and the large towns on its system and provide 



The scheme under *™ u ' fc. 

 _. .a „v«.f the a* 1* 



to pack the produce, at merely nominal rates 



years since, and last year the num 



kages wa* 112,000, ^ » 



300 packaged ** 

 :n that the G.E.R. scheme metf? Ay* 



P 



•irn to 



*!*> stipulated tSiS^m ^ PkntS f, ° m hurt ' ul ones '" Sir ^ 



to the Royal Society latST^^ pUntS Ieared therein should be ^ annually 

 nued to be made at int 1 ° USind wcre delivered. The presentations con- 

 given to the British Mu eT - 0til the > ear *793. In 1853 the herbarium was 



annum flowing into the East Anglian di 

 practically no outlet at remunerative rates. 



for 



Women 



dUStries.-An experiment not 



i 



interest is about to be made by the uountc« ' ^"iffai B»*l 

 raining women in gardening and farming. According o ^ o 



Warwick's original idea was 



m - The garden contains a fine old cedar— one of four where women— principally the daughters of professional men 



parts 01 en. - _ 



n -could 



