AUGUST 27 



1898 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



553 



their very s 

 cottage 



ro all incomes, or make their living by the products of their own large 



ge ?*lTL Z women, who would cultivate or utilise the plot of land 



^\ S Tto ea h About six or eight of the cottages were to form a settlement 

 .ttoched to eacn ^ for ^ £ettlementj and some authonsed 



Stoneless Cherries are produced in France, says a contemporary, by the 

 ollowmg method : In the spring, before the circulation of the sap, a young seed- 

 ling cherry tree is split from the upper extremity down to the fork of its roots ; 

 then, by mean of a piece of wood in the form of a smtula. th P nith is rarefiillv 



excoriation 



Then there w« o ^ ^ ^ ^ products for these ind i v idual workers. injury ; a knife is used only for commencing the split. Afterwards the two sections 

 p^son wnow« * ^ ^ expected to make garde n- are brought together and tied with wool, care being taken to close hermetically 

 But it was aiscuvci tWnnahlv understand the with clav the whnl* Wfk ^ r-. 



But ic was ^ v -; ult keeping pay they must thoroughly understand the 

 ing J ♦ wL or how the discovery was made we are not told, but we were 

 the Lression that it had long been known to all who had an elementary 

 ^IdL of rural industries that it was no more possible to achieve success in 

 Section of fruit, vegetables, butter, and eggs without an intimate acquaint- 

 ^wt the details, than to successfully engage in an ordinary trade without 

 til had some previous training. Recognizing the necessity of proper training 

 EE Warwick made arrangements with the authorities of the University Exten- 

 5 ^n College at Reading to provide the necessary course of inst ructi on, and thus 

 „Le the women for the settlements later on. The hostel which Lady 

 Twick hopes to open in October in connection with Reading Co lege, will be 

 an institution where the necessary training may be obtained. It will be founded 



with clay the whole length of the cleft. The sap soon reunites the separated 

 portions of the tree, and two years afterwards cherries are produced of the usual 

 appearance, but instead of stones there will only be small soft pellicles. 



The Plymouth Strawberry. — A specimen of this strawberry was 

 received through Dr. Masters by R.H.S. Scientific Commitee, from Mr. J. 

 Arrowsmith, of Bank Road, Glazebrook, Manchester. It is a monstrous con- 

 dition of the ordinary fruit, in which some of the achenes are replaced by leaves, 

 as in the well-koown Alpine strawberry, of which the present case is a variety. 

 It was described by Ray, who gave the name, having received it from Plymouth. 

 It resembles the Green Rose, in thus having its floral organs more or less in a 

 state of reversion to leaves. 



from a financial point of view. The attendance was far larger than at any pre- 

 vious gatherings, and the takings at the gate amounted to ^113 12s. 6d. After 

 five o'clock, when the charge for admission was lowered to sixpence, an additional 



(or the definite purpose of enabling women over the age of sixteen to oDtain a • Sevenoaks Flower Show was, we are pleased to learn, highly successful 



thorough training (theoretical and practical) in the lighter branches of agricul- * ~ " " 

 ture, viz. : Flower and fruit growing, and packing for market, especially bush 

 fruits, tomatos, mushrooms, &c, bee and poultry keeping, and dairy work. The 



council of Reading College have consented to provide the necessary courses of entrance to the show ground was opened, and at this the sum of ^27 15s. was 



instruction, and to recognize the Countess ot Warwick's Hostel as a place of taken in sixpences, 



residence for women students. The grounds of the hostel will afford room for California!! Fruits.— The recent report of the California State Board of 



practical work. The full course of instruction will extend over two years, but Agriculture shows that this favoured state produced orchard fruits in 1897 to the 



students who wish to do so may join the short courses and special classes. It value of ,£4,257,909. This total was divided as follows : Citrus fruits, £770,000 ; 



is hoped by Lady Warwick that the inclusive fees for instruction and board will prunes> £580,000 ; dried fruits other than prunes, £520,000 ; raisins, £4S7iOOO ; 



not exceed £50 a year. This, it is believed, will bring the training within the deciduous fruits, £400,000 ; nuts, £120,000 ; canned fruits, £1,410,909, 



A Pleasant Holiday.— The members of the Lee and Blackheath Horticul- 

 tural Society had a holiday on the 18th inst. f and visited Messrs. Sutton and Sons 

 establishment. They were much interested in what they saw in the offices, ware 

 houses, and trial grounds, and returned home highly gratified with the instructive 

 and pleasant holiday they had enjoyed. 



Small Fruit and Poultry Farms.— Whatever may have been the ad van- 



■ « « * 1 1 - A. * 



tages of large holdings in the past. 



means of the particular class of women wriom it is proposed to assist uy uic 

 jcheme— the one which has, perhaps, the greatest difficulty in finding a remunera- 

 tive occupation— namely, the daughters of professional men, left with, or likely 

 to be the possessors of, incomes varying from £30 to £100 a year. The sum of 

 £2,000 will be required for capital, and towards this amount some has already 

 been promised. The instruction it is proposed to give under the scheme should 

 be useful to a large number of women, such as the daughters of farmers and small 

 kndowners, who have a taste for rural pursuits, and anticipate marrying farmers 

 and others engaged in the management of land. We shall watch the develop- 

 ment of the scheme with much interest, and trust that under it the object in view 

 may be accomplished. 



Cannas at Chiswick have never succeeded so well as during the present 

 tctson ; the collection is extensive, occupying both divisions of the Paxton House, 

 *nd affords a splendid opportunity for any one interested in these handsome plants 

 to make comparisons and selections. There is a wide difference in the height 

 aod habit of the varieties, the shape and colour of the leafage, freedom of flower- 

 gi length of spike and colour and size of the blooms. On the occasion of a 



increasing 



1 por tance. Accepting 



this view of the case, the potentialities 01 a sixiy-acre iarm present themselves, in 

 the opinion of the Land Magazine, in a far more auspicious light than was possible 

 some years ago. With a holding of those dimensions, a tenant will require £600 

 to start with, for £10 per acre is none too much to spend if he is desirous of 

 making a sure foundation, and of being in a position to avail himself of falling 

 markets by buying food stuffs and stock at a great advantage. Twenty-five acres 

 should be set aside for pasture, and thirty-five for arable land. The object, of 

 course, is to keep the largest amount of stock without overcrowding. To make 



.^w b v» ui 3 piR.c anu tuiour anu size 01 me uiooms. un cne ocuabiuii ui a ^uia^, m ■» v ° # f . .v, f i 



*«nt visit to the gardens by the R. H. S. Floral Committee four varieties were this farm pay, however, after giving sufficient attention to ordinary farm stock, ne 

 *kcted as worthy of the Award of Merit, these being named Stradrath Heiden- greatly neglected minor sections of agriculture-poultry, rabbits, and fruit growing 



met, Partenope, Comtesse de Vartoux Florence, and William Marshall. The 



epresented. In this department the tenant, and if he is 

 v ' - Rabbit- 



fcter does not appear to be so distinct from previously named varieties as we could married, his family, will find ample scope : foi a _ re ™^ 



especially considering the name it bears ; it is presumably one of a batch of 

 *edlings raised by Mr. S. T. Wright at the gardens. The committee also made 



twirds to two Indian pinks, forms of Dianthus chinensis, and to Bronze Queen 

 viola. 



0 . i ^J lerlcan A PPte Exports.— From August 7, 1897, to June 11, 1898, the 

 nited States and Canada exported 913,996 barrels of apples. This is only a 

 of the business of the previous season, when 2,919,846 barrels were exported, 

 ^ C0 ^ utes a fair average for recent years. Of the sum first named, Liverpool 

 GUiI neatest proportion, 490,000 barrels ; followed by London, 198,000 ; 

 Vorifw I2 ^°°° ; Hambur g h > 89*000 barrels. Of the ports of export, Xew 

 cleared I*** 362,000 barrels » against 570,000 the previous season; Boston 



°&ly 176,000, compared with over 1,000,000 in i8q6-7. 



°'»ve Tree Disease. 



past 



r*"«ly meagre, and supplies Ik 

 J"*™ France lor Italian consut 

 *9; since 1891 it has ako affected ihe olives < 

 JJB 'and Tunis are said to|be still untouche. 

 Unrt. the P r «ence of the disease 



JT' A m ' nUt . e fungus ( 



appeared 



Italy 



\ Disti 



in 



from P 



tf 'Wth the 



na^slf ybT y id Pe * haS **** obtained b y Mr - Henr y Eckford at his 

 el nJ* 2l! g the result of a natural cross between a culinary pea 



sativu 



Lathy 



*»*y tppoB^' ^"P 0 * 15 of Ioun< l Peas that are pal< 

 Wed them cocked tT ^ 5Weet l ° ^ 



Eckfcr* S \? hm ' but does not possess the 



— , -»> • • jjjy^ branched, has 



In 



Whether this new pea 



k — ' vu " ,in «c'ai value is at present an open question, but the 



1 Vrtd has w^T™*' TOU1 norU cultui 



^ l *S t ! 8, | b0lh horti culturally and botanically. • The wonder is that 

 V" ' v ' (k r m comin S. especially when we consider the very many 



keeping is, in the opinion of our contemporary, of great commercial value, and it 

 is stated that with some fifty breeding does the owner should have annually one 

 thousand five hundred young rabbits at his disposal. These at fourteen weeks or 

 so will realise is. 6d., of which 6d. at least should be net profit. Th.s represents 

 A7 or more than half the rent of the holding. Of course, every attention must 

 be paid to the animals. Regular and wholesome food, plenty of room, scrupulous 

 cleanliness, and a genial temperature are essential for success. But of all the sec- 

 tZ of Sail holdings, commercial poultry-keeping occupies the foremost rank. 

 Z in view the need of economising time and labour, the product.on of eggs 

 t laving ™ f b , fowls> It j however, to egg production on a 



is to be pr fe red to tha t ot ^ ^ ^ 



considerable scale tha^ .the arm y P t ^ 



doub e -dvant^^n^^t ^ ^ W ^ ^ 



growing. F or this purpose t * of the five acres will be en- 



as possible from north and I eas« : »»d • runni „ el . 



closed with six-feet w.re S ^ . Qted with selected half-standard 



This will give ^2^t^eS^ Panted at twenty feet apart each 



apple trees, ^"f^StteS will be required per acre, or allowing for the 

 way, one hundred and e ght MM ^ J s „ u purchased G f any 



fowl houses, one hundred • » J £ £ach run wM carry a floc k of 



reliable grower at 2 s. ^"^^ ^Lcted, having a southern aspect, 

 fifty hens, for which smtab te > for ^ 



The flock of hens should U J -J™ ^'^ ' nnum . ' " ' 



liberal fT^^^SiZ subject to'a redaction, representing the cost of 

 years this important sum wo j ^ ^ ^ for fiye 



the houses ^^Seht^red apple trees, at the low average of is. 3d a 

 years of the fruit from the fiv tan W . ^ ^ tQ providefo 



tree, ^j^^L'^JSnl for enclosure of runs. At the expiration of 

 the cost of trees, fmi which would by that time have greatly fa* 



the five years the value of the t, ^ ^ figureg ^ ^ 



proved, must be added to ttey ^ ■ ^ ^ ^ to 



to show the extreme : value ^ y ^ ^ ^ ^ indu3trics „ 



orove the saUsfactory results wiu . . 



pault«y f and fruit is capable of producing. 



Court Vine carries about twelve hundred bunches of grapes 

 The a V lm0St ripe. This famous vine is now a hundred and 



this year, and these are now t~ 



thirty years old. 



For the first few 



