55» 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



Notes on Orchids. 



SCUTICARIA HADWENI. 



This remarkable orchid was introduced about 1850 by Mr. Hadwen, of Liverpool, 

 who obtained it from Rio de Janeiro and succeeded in flowering it in 1851. Not 

 long afterwards a south London grower, Mr. Miers, of Hammersmith, secured 

 plants from Southern Brazil, and since then the species has frequently been 

 Imported with Brazilian oichids, though seldom in any great quantity. It was 

 originally named Bifrenaria Hadweni, and, by reason of its stipitate pollina, it is 

 closely allied to that genus. The peculiar habit of the plant places it, however, 

 in the genus scuticaria, though its habitat is far removed from that of its com- 

 panion species, S. Steeli. The leaves are fleshy and texete, nine to eighteen inches 

 long. The flowers vary from two to three inches across, greenish-yellow, heavily 

 blotched and barred with chestnut-brown ; the lip is creamy-yellow, white at the 

 apex, and spotted with brown and rose. Scuticaria Hadweni is not a difficult 

 orchid to grow ; it requires plenty of sunshine, abundance of water when growing, 

 a block to grow on, little material about the roots, and an intermediate tempera- 



Scuticaria Hadweni. 



ture. Mr. Young, orchid grower to Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East 

 r>neen, manages this orchid finely and from a specimen that recently flowered under 

 his care our present illustration was made. 



rp, ■ , , Oi>onto<;lossum Wilckeanum Lindeni. 



ihis handsome odontoglot came to light among the importations of Messrs. L. 

 i.inden and Co , at Moorttbeek, and was exhibited, when in flower, at London 

 10 I Manchester in 1 April last, receiving a first-class certificate from the Manchester 

 urcnia Society. The flowers are of large size, elegantly fringed and waved ; the 

 . egments are creamy white with very large irregular blotches of red-bro wn or 

 purpie-brown ; the long lip has a yellow centre and white margin with vivid red 

 brown spots of various sizes. T - ' J -• ■■ ' ■ 



l>eaut 



Limienia, t. 617. 



Phaius Norman. 



miiKi i> » i> , d ls Phaius Norman, obtained by crossing P Sanderianus 

 with 1 . uberculosus, the hybridist being Mr. Norman Cookson, Wylam-on-Tyne. 

 /vs already stated in our columns, the stock passed into the hands of Messrs. 

 ctiarles worth and Co., Bradford. In our issue of March 12 last we described this 

 pnams, which is named Phaius Norman and not P. Normani, as given in the 



cfPK 0 ' u l n our 1SiUe of March l 9> l8 9 8 » we 8 ave a full-page illustration 

 •' ' worn,a n» but the editor of Lindenia has entirely omitted to include this in his 



rrim^ a^I'- l p,ate in our Bel g> a n contemporary is a good one, the 

 crimsor and gold in the hp and the rose-tinted sepals and petals lending themselves 

 wen to lithography. \Y e may add that in several instances this orchid has been 



c^k ^ .u , ' N ? rmam ' bu t it was certificated as P. Norman and referred to as 

 such in the latest issue of the R.H .S. journal. 



A 1 »U AcANTHEPHIPPiUM CURTISI ALBIDUM. 



rnltnriJ!/. fv, mem . bers of . th « genus acanthephippium are not loved by horti- 

 ESZSSt L : rt? arC ^ tCT ? tin ? orchid s but not showy or floriferous enough for 

 s £5*1 maj °"^ °f orchid "llections. Acanthephippium Curtisi albidum 

 oresent v»riJ, Y , arcn, Pf ,a g° S species flowered at Chelsea in 1881, and the 

 mourned kv J B f.^seU in April l ast . The latter has stout pseudo-bulbs sur- 



Zwerstr. thtf ! Jftt hg ^ green ,eaves . not unlike those of calanthes. The 

 on* n the flit ST* - h u C lateral se P als J° inin g to form a la '8 e Pouch-like 



Sit Ire m™. * Ct ^ m V ^ and on inn « su '<*ce * the 



!£Kd%£3ffijS£ ^ a .! f d Jght /r If r ° S T PUrP / ,e - i 



^ u vanes are ail deep and bright purple* Ltmiema^ t. 619. 



This U annrKor ^fitf^x **S- LEND &NS LANSHERGEANUM. 



now ° f rf -P >™ £ *»* Catasetum Bungerothi that 



duced by Messrs I in,Un ,„j r f ot C * spl endens - The ^ ncs wa s mtro- 



^veralo 5 ! th.^i'tSffiSL^SSft'" Internationale Brussels, and 



" " lne lorm named 



apparently 

 » represents 



bright 



nimed after the p ;esid r emofV%S e ? kh ei 8 ht We flo 



" °' L "orticukure Internationale. 



ariety 



AOGUST 27 , !g5g 



A Common Plant of the Seas^ 



Alt. visitors to the seaside are familiar with the Fuet 

 common bladder wrack, daily left on the beach at low^v^^ 

 aware of the novel and beautiful phenomena constantly tk 1 

 connection with it under their very eyes. 



E. 



or 



are 



lXi S place in 



t,uimeciiun wiin n u«uv« mcir very eyes. It furni h 

 example of the nature of the process of reproduction ^ tL^ a beautifal 



u_: ;-a^a o iniMntiMM _r . . llon ' n th « lower cla« - 



plants from those containing the oogonia. 



plants, being indeed a member of a tribe which s t an dVT' ^ * 

 threshold of the vegetable kingdom, the Cryptogamia. Wh ^ 

 through an ordinary microscope in winter time, the greenish W e ? a , m ' ned 

 of the bladder wrack are seen to be studded at their extremities b t^ 

 egg-shaped hard prominences, consisting of nearly spherical 7 

 under the epidermis, or skin, opening at the surface bv a min ,» * 

 These are receptacles. Those containing the antheridia are Z 



The latt separate 



colour as the frond, the former yellowish-brown. Thev mu?^ 

 confounded with the air cells, which also cover the tips of the frond 



If a vertical section be cut through a male receptacle, and examine 

 by means of a high magnifying power, the cavity will be seen to be near* 

 filled with branched jointed hairs, bearing numerous' little ovoid ceK 

 an orange colour, each containing a number of minute bodies with , £ 

 orange speck or granule in the centre. These are the antherozoidt 

 and the cells in which they are deposited correspond to the anthers in 

 flowers, hence their name of antheridia. When fully formed these cdk 

 burst, discharging their antherozoids, which swim rapidly in wa> 

 by the motion of a pair of longnxilia, or hairs, attached to one 

 extremity. It a female conceptacle be prepared in the same way and 

 examined, it will be found to have a similar lining of jointed hairs, among 

 which are several large ovoid olive-coloured bodies, attached by a short 

 pedicle to the wall of the cavity. These are the germ cells, or sporangia. 

 When completely developed, each consists of a transparent coat formed 

 of two thin membranes, and a central opaque olive-brown body, pre- 

 senting marks of division into eight parts, hence called an octospore. 

 When ripe, the oogonia burst and set free the oospheres, which are 

 expelled like the antheridia, and collect these into jelly-like green masses 

 round the orifice of the receptacle. 



If a small portion of this green jelly be held on a needle and placed 

 in a little sea water, it will be seen under microscopic examination that 

 the spores in each oosphere will become spherical, and in about half-an- 

 hour the membrane will burst. The spores, however, still remain in a 

 very delicate transparent bag, which was not visible before, and this is 

 attached to the ruptured outer coat at a point which resembles the hilum 

 of a seed— the spot at which a seed is attached to the fruit. In a few 

 minutes this envelope gives way, and the naked oospheres then float about 

 freely in the water. Now, let a minute portion of the orange-coloured 

 jelly from the male receptacle be introduced into the water where the 

 spores are, and a very singular phenomenon immediately takes place. 

 The antheridia almost directly burst and discharge their contents ; the 

 liberated antherozoids swim with their arms or cilia, and are soon seen to 

 settle on the oospheres in great numbers. The next day the oosphere will 

 be found split into hemispheres by a transverse division, and a little rootlet 

 will be found to have already begun to sprout at right angles to the division. 

 Again, the day following, the oosphere will have become elongated 

 and several more transverse and vertical divisions will have made their 

 appearance. The little bud will now have developed into a long trans- 

 parent rootlet. Watching the curious young plant daily, it will be seen 

 that it continues to elongate by multiplication of its cell contents, putty 

 out more rootlets, and a few days later a bundle of transparent, hair-like 

 sprouts will shoot from its summits. The whole plant then presents tht 

 ordinary appearance of one of the young plants we are familiar 

 and find on rocks and stones where seaweeds grow, and to whicn tnc 

 attach themselves. If one of these is placed in a glass of sea- water i 

 will continue to vegetate for some months, or if removed to a vi\anu 

 it will grow and thrive. h 

 Other fuci found on the coasts present the same phenom^a as t « 

 one we have related. In some kinds both male and female rCCC ^ , b 

 are found on the same plant, and in Funis plutycarpus b ? l \XVhole 

 and germ cells are in the same receptacle. In fact, throughout tne wn ^ 

 of the cryptogamic class of plants a mode of reproduction as pc 

 its type as this is found, though varying infinitely m its { ° x ™\*™ £ 



as we ascend 

 florescence. 



the scale, increases in 



resemblance to ordinary 



\VM. NORMAN BROUN. 



Not v 



extent 

 I. ocu 



Inula ensifolia. 



i in uj-n i-i^n w- 



erv many species of the genus Inula are cultivated |°*f^ aB d 

 except the well known L glandulosa, I. Helenium, fci 

 lis-Christi. To these, however, the dwarf-grow^ 

 well he nrlrlAri ' ^nnial hardv plants are acim'i 



sary 

 with 

 nana 



mfc uiucn Dran 

 phold the brill 



iry , so that no staking 

 S blooms that are p«£ 

 known sometimes as onn 



means 



as to soil, but, like most other hardy herbaceous P« nt * " * lha n 

 under a little kindly treatment, its blooms then ^f'*^ thl 

 1 he foliage is also of a neat character, quite distinci 



us 



Wl 



i N., who exhibited a well-sclccteci o- t| ^> 



. _ t ensifolia is a ^^^Jt% 

 n seen in gardens, was introduced from Austria 



ago, the date being given as 1793- 



R.H.S. meeting, 

 seldom seen in i 



yeais 



