6oo 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



September 



»7> 1898. 



£56 



£,97 



quantities 



Plums, on the 



bushels, against 471,073 bushels in the corresponding month of last year. 

 The values for the respective quantities are 



.£246,556 and £206 



advance 



these in August is given as £ 

 both for August and the eight 

 cwt. and of this Quantity France 



Potatos again show an increase 



The cost of planting and caring for the trees for ftree^TuT 

 lings, but this sum is undoubtedly under, rather than over thl 1 ? , * 

 city being underlaid with gravel, it is necessary to remove at le^tfi The 

 material, which is replaced with the same quantity of rich loa S ' ^ ° f * 

 is planted. It would be a paving investment for the owneTo? ^ ^ 

 double the amount of loam were furnished and charged for E h * 

 tected by a guard, which serves the double purpose of protecting!! ? S*" 

 the rays of the sun and from the teeth of the horses. Many of the 



hppn imnrnrpri until nni'fnrm rnwc r^f f«. AA « 1 . i . Streets haa* 



ine mommy imports were 90,939 . : , . u _ -~ 1VA any ot the streets k.- 



us 84,718, and the total for the ^ ^th ^ row. of trees, and the number of petidols for t 



» value o'f /.,843,34s, the .atter JTME^^^J^.. f U» rffe J?* 



the eight months is 6,363,^1 cwt, or tne value 0^1^43,345, the latter were ^ before the ^ of this work was assumed £ * *** 

 being as near as may be double the value of the foreign supplies in the Commissioners show the usual haphazard way in whid T2J , ° f Pa * 

 same period of 1897. Unenumerated vegetables continue to increase in each owner of a fortv-foot lot exerci^d hi. ™™ «ni o ™ ng Wasdone 



importance, as indicated by the fact that their value for the month is re- fi ve trees, each of a different variety, and never cared for them 



£207,716, and for the eight months as £ T tAt tAt tu:- u ~ — _j _ * . __j , ^ ... 



Some planted four or 



This is a 



Others did 



goodly sum to pay for supplies of miscellaneous vegetables, and it 



be 



demand 



The British Association Meeting was brought to a close on Wednes- 

 day, and the general opinion is that the gathering was one of the best that ha s yet 

 taken place under the auspices of the body. The papers have throughout been 

 of exceptional interest, and the address by Professor F. O. Bower, F.R.S., at 

 the opening meeting of the botanical section, is very properly considered one of 

 the most important contributions that has been made to the literature of botany Messrs. Lin 



for some years past. The 1899 meeting will be held at Dover, and of this Pro- Linden's establish 

 fessor Michael Foster, F.R.S., is the president elect, and in the following year 



r j, ~* wuicu nave grown to be finesooi 



mens of their kind. Up to the time the park commission became the custoZ 

 of the street trees, more had been planted and had died, either through igno 

 in planting, or through neglect, than were then growing. The loss sbtTS 

 time has been less than two per cent. A commission having charge of the trees 

 in the city of Washington has absolute control and care of them. It is decided 

 to use a certain variety on a street, that variety is planted and there is no appal 

 from its decision. As a result, there is no city having so many unbroken rows of 

 healthy trees. Other cities in America have undertaken the control of street 

 ornamentation with great success, and it is to be hoped that all will follow their 

 example. 



With reference to the notice of Messrs. 

 will be of interest to mention that in 

 horticulture Internationale, in the fashksc. 



Leopold 



imports: 



Bradford will be the place of meeting. able Quartiei 



Diffusion and Absorption of Odours.— The laws of the production western , subu 



and propagation of smells have hitherto received but little attention from physicists, nursei 7 in & 



hence the address by Professor Ayrton, F.R.S., at Bristol the other day, in which Exhibltl ° n heId in Brussels last year may remember the splendid new aver 



eastern 



Internaii 



commencing at the back of same, and extending for a length of over ten 



magnificent Royal Park of Teroueren. A m 



exhih* 



they were fully discussed, was of special interest. Referring to the diffusion of 

 the odours of flowers and some other natural products, Professor Ayrton said that 



when liquids like ammoniated lavender, smelling salts, solution of musk, and amyl _ 



acetate were employed, and various devices were used for introducing the liquid, dedicated in mem01 7 of the late Jean Linden, and it is here that M. Lucia 



and preventing its splashing when it boiled on exhausting the air, it was found Lmden 15 creatin g the large establishment for the culture of commercial plants oa 



that the time that it was necessary to leave the two limbs of a U tube connected an ^f 151 * 6 scale - The space occupied by the nursery when completed will U 



for a smell to be just observable was reduced from a few minutes or seconds when over three hectares (one hectare = 2 '47 "43 acres). 



the tube was filled with air to less than half a second for a good vacuum ; with Wood w^au* a Ui ^ UtJ ^u ~~~~ 



solid camphor it was reduced from twenty minutes to one second, and when moist British Association, the discussion being opened by Professor Marshall Ward with a 



rose leaves were used, from fifty minutes to two seconds. But with solid particles paper on " Penicillium as a Wood-Destroying Fungus," in the course of which be 



of musk the time was not reduced below twenty minutes by taking away the air, said that spores from pure cultures of penicillium sown on sterilized blocks of 



while with dried lavender flowers and I (dried 1 woodruff leaves no smell could be spruce-wood, cut in March, were found to grow freely and develop large cropi d 



detected after the two limbs had been connected for many hours, and a good 

 vacuum maintained. These experiments are, of course, somewhat complicated 

 by variations in the amount of odourous surface exposed, but they seem to indicate 



spores on normal conidiophores. Sections of the infected wood showed that the 

 hyphce of the mould entered the starch-bearing cells of the medullary rays of the 

 sap wood, and consumed the whole of the starch. The resin was untouched- 



j , — j — rvvr\sv*j ttuu v-v-fiXOUiil^Vl LUC VYIIVJIC Ul IJUW Oiaiuit <+■ ■ 



that with these particular dried substances either the rate of evolution of the scent, In culture three months old the hyphse were to be seen deep in the substance 



or its rate of propagation , or both, are very slow even in a good vacuum. Some the wood passing from tracheide to tracheide via the bordered pits. 



tests 



Contr 



tests on the power of different substances to absorbV arious scents from the air have sections, not infected and kept side by side with the above, contained abundan 

 also been carried out. Lard, it is well known, is used to absorb the perfume from of starch, and no trace of hyphse could be detected in them. The obscrvatK 



flowers in the commercial manufacture of scents, perhaps because it has little odour " ' ' - ! r * ko 



of its own, and because the scent can be easily distilled from it. But when lard, 

 wool, linen, blotting-paper, silk, &c, were shut up for some hours in a box at 

 equal distances from jasmine flowers, dried woodruff leaves, or from a solution of 

 ammonia, it was found that it is not the lard, but the blotting-paper, that smells 

 most strongly when the articles are removed from the box. On the other hand, 

 when solid natural musk is employed, it is the wool that alone acquires much 

 smell, even after the box has been shut up for days. Another noteworthy fact is 

 the comparatively rapid rate at which grains of natural musk are found to lose their 



appeared of interest in several connections. Penicillium is one of the cominW 

 moulds, and undoubtedly played a part in the reduction of plant dlbnt to 

 constituents ; how far it could itself initiate the destruction of true wood, or o« 

 far it merely followed on the ravages of other fungi, bacteria, &c, was 

 There were strong grounds for believing that it destroyed the oak of casks, t . 

 but since these were impregnated with food materials that was 

 surprising. It appeared as if penicillium might be a much more active 

 in initiating and carrying on the destruction of wood than had hi' crt0 ^ 



fragrance when exposed to the air. The popular statement, therefore, that a grain wood-destroying fungi 



of musk will scent a room for years supplies but another example of the contrast 

 between text-book information and laboratory experience. 



Richmond Scenery.— The question of the purchase of ( ilover's Island,Rich- 

 mond, by the Corporation has been disposed of, that body, as might have been ex- 

 pected, declining to make the purchase. At a meeting of the Richmond Town 

 Council on Tuesday, the Mayor presiding, the Amenities Committee reported, with 

 regard to the option of the purchase for ^4,000 of the island, in the Thames beneath 

 Richmond Hill, which the Mayor, acting as agent for the vendor, had secured 

 for the town, the comm ittee reported that only £50 had as yet been secured in 



public SubscrintionQ tou/arric fKii f>Aiiima»a. M t«* w+z A am s\f f Vi a fo^f t v* a t +hj» assessment 



subscript 



island 



twenty-four years ago for £72, that it was extremely unlikely to be bought for the 

 purposes of an advertisement station or for any of the other objectionable purposes 

 mentioned in the advertisement, they recommended the council not to accept the 

 offer. The committee further declared that they felt that public opinion would 

 condemn in the strongest manner any proposal to injure the world-renowned view 

 of winch Glover's Island formed a part. The recommendation of the committee 

 was unanimously accepted. 



fullJ^™ Tr t eS ln Amer »ca.-The importance of trees in streets is evidently 

 are made hi ^ T* ° f the dties J ° the United States, and ample provisions 

 of MmneaDolUhl- S" 8 ind maintei >ance. The Board of Park Commissioners 



the ? t authont y u ^er the Park Act to plant trees on any street and 



mm ^t XitTZ™ a ? utting p r °p ett y- This autho rity » n * rale ' b not 



Wasp and Bee Stings.— As several persons have died this 

 the effect of being stung in the mouth by wasps, when eating fruit, the ■ ^ ^ 

 of an effective remedy easily applied, cannot be over-estimated, m ^ 

 Nature, Sir J. F. D. Donnelly states that he has found m , ttm- 



remedy for wasp or bee stings. It is said to act [apparently not 00 > 

 porary local anesthetic, but seems also tolhave the power of desW ' l T ||fc ^ 

 of the sting. Sir J. F. D. Donnelly happened to have som« : on - - ^ % 

 cocaine tabloids for hypodermic injection when a lady was bad y ( ^ 



year or two ago. Such stings have! a great effect on her, not only & ^ m s 

 large and painful swelling, but making [her feel more or less un ^ ^ 

 three days. One tabloid dissolved in a few drops of water, JJ tw0 Jm 



finger at once, almost removed the pain ; a second, applied e(kaix t a 



completed the cure. A few days later the cocaine was found JF he ^ kcf« ■ 

 the case of a young girl who had been severely stung. Since ^pp*** 

 small bottle of a strong solution of cocaine ready for use, and it ^ <o 



effective. 



possible 



stin£ 



30 



safe 



case a 



on the tongue and no doctor CoaM be secured at once, to P^J*^ ^ be«* 



06» 



injection in the tongue of one-sixth grain cocaine 

 to apply the tabloid or a solution externally to the piacc. * — 

 medical friends may be able to advise us upon this point. ^ 



Preservation of Open Spaces. -Dr. Robert Hunter W^^. * 



tribute to the services rendeied by the late Sir Heniy r 



