7 



ARDENERS' MAGA ZINE 



and paying careful attention to the differences between the circumstances 

 which stimulate these two kinds of vegetative action, we are enabled to so 

 feed the plant as to make it run more to individual growth or more to 

 flowering, according as we may desire the one or the other. If we would 

 have a large and handsome plant we must keep down, or, if necessary, 

 entirely suppress, the flowering until these properties are obtained J and 



had become so popular as it is now, that is to say, i n i»e «• 

 Moulmein, in Buima, where he remained until 1878. H Pa " Sh Went *» 



the variety and beauty of the orchids, and began studvintr A 



was early 



attracted bv 



them. He also introduced a large number of IivL ' 1 and cultiva ^ 



fw™ tK. «~» fc* wnc ;« uvln S P lan ts into this country 



beau 



Almost from the first he was in correspondence with K ? 

 the Herbarium and Gardens. When he came home in r£'r T * cont *butor to 

 tiful collection of water-colour drawings of orchids. Thes presented 

 admirable analyses of the flowers. On his return to Burm & ac ? ompanie ^ by 

 specimens and sketches or tracings of his original drawing* ^° mbuedto ^ 

 with his wishes, Kew possesses the whole of his on • 1 ' m accordanc e 

 accurate drawings ; a most valuable addition to the ekkhW^i ! t . elegant » ^ 

 junction with the late Dr. H. G. Reichenbach he ^publish d 

 large number of new orchids in the Transactions of the Linnln Socie^fT * 1 

 1873), illustrated by a number of plates from his own pencil Pari^ I? ' 

 tributed the part dealing with the orchids in Theobald/Maso^l^^ 

 upwards of 3 So species bemg enumerated, nearly all from the provutce rf 

 Tenassenm, and including seventy-two species of dendrobium. Among the Zl 

 species introduced by him into cultivation are Sarcanthus Parishi Hoot f 7*7 



■*j j — o i '""<■) »" 



proportion to the previous growth of the plant, we must repress its growth 

 as a plant, and, as far as we can, direct the whole of its energy to the 

 production of flowers. This is what every successful florist does in 

 reality, whether he understands the principle upon which he proceeds or 

 not ; and our object is to make him, in so far as we have gone, at least 

 acquainted with the principle. The grand distinction between these two 

 kinds — we might almost call them successive generations — of life in the 

 same plant is this : the growth of the individual plant works more by heat 

 with moisture, and the flowering works more by heat and light and a 



diminished supply of moisture. Light is, indeed, necessary to the . uua ra[1S[U) nook{ .„ 



healthy individual growth of all plants, excepting the very few which Ma &'* L S 2I 7) ; Dendrobium senile, Parish (t. 5520), and the highly am ' 



grow in mines and places absolutely dark, none of which actually bloom ; Bolbophyllum lemniscatum, Parish (t. 5961). In 1870 Sir Joseph Hooker dedT 



and moisture is necessary to bring on the flowers until they are nearly Cated tbe ninet y- sixth volume of the Bot. Mag. to him, as a tribute to the value of 



perfected, and begin to expand their petals, for until they do this they If .T*? J contr / ! buti L ons l ° * ew » and to the P^tes of that publication. Mr 

 are still parts of the parent plant, and possess the same kind of vegetable ° D ' 97 ' at the age ° f sevent y five y««s. 



life with the rest of it ; but when they are perfected, and fertilisation is Chrysanthemum Rust— Messrs. J. R. Pearson and Sons, of the 



about to take place, the grand function of the flower is directed to the Nurs eries, Chilwell, write: "Referring to Mr. Godfrey's letter in your bit 



originating of a successional plant by means of the seed, and though, issue ' we do not think that his Iather sweeping assertion as to the universality of 



while the seed is advancing towards ripeness or maturity, it still depends the disease should be allowed to pass uncontradicted. We ourselves received 



upon the parent plant for its nourishment, it is not, physiologically diseased P Ia "ts in the spring from several sources, but by careful quarantine and 



speaking, any part of that plant as an individual, and cannot in any way constant treatment with fungicides succeeded in getting rid of it, and we believe 



or to any extent whatever, promote the additional growth of its parent ' ° Ur col,ection is absoIuteI y clean at the present moment, and there may probably 



be a number of others equally fortunate." 



The " Gardening Year-Book " for 1899 being now in course of prepara- Scott ' deeper of the Joddre 



tion,, the Editor desires the assistance of secretaries of horticultural societies in his recent work on the an! t r r r 



making the list of horticultural and botanical societies in the United Kingdom as contr ibutions was a description of the structure of a new form of the genus 



complete and useful as possible for the forty-first issue. Notification of change of Medullosa from the lower coal-measures of Lancashire. Thic minrt hm* nf 



Measures. — At the recent meeting of scientists Dr. 

 1 Laboratory, Kew, gave a brief account of a part of 



important 



next 



type 

 has 



+ , — — j onwum acui <XL * ' 



once to the Editor, " Gardening Year- Book," 148, 149, Aldersgate Street, E.C. Previously been found in rocks of lower coal measure age. The material 00 

 Information with regard to newly-formed societies will also be gladly welcomed! " ^ * " ~** * " " " * ^ 



Apple and Pear Orchards and their Produce.— The paper by Mr. 



Lomax 



sections, of which micro-photographs were shown on the screen, were prepared 



Radcliffe Cooke, M.P., on this subject, which was read before the Farme Jciub Sf > SCOtt ? ° W6 r d that ^ * pe ?! WP T^ 



on Monday, dealt with the cider industry of this country. The actual process of Lancash >"> M^«ll«- *W nf „ M W-I«. H^nm,™. which bolt 



cider-making, he pointed out, is simple enough. The real difficulties begin after 



Lancashire Medullosa is that of a polystelic Heterangium, which bote 

 Myeloxylon petioles. The same author exhibited photographs of an unusually 



inusu 



l,IV - tA F l " iCU J Ui ^ c ^ put mio me casks lor trie purpose of fermenting The , ,. l\ r ^ ^ ti , u - tU 



first or tumultuous fermentation, which involves an effort to get rid of the matters d ' scovered b y M <- ^max. Other contributions by Dr. Scott dealt » A 



in suspension in the liquid, is the essential predecessor of the vinous fcmJntart™ " g ^P 1 ' ° f the interestin g Palaeozoic fern Botryoptens, and with • 



It the cider be allowed to ferment until aH the Tar lIlTZn'TTlZ f™^ ^ —ft the WllliamSOn C ° UeCU ° n ° f ^ 



alcohol it loses it sweetness and becomes dry, or, as it is usually termed, " hard." 

 In this state it is preferred by many cider drinkers, and by those whose constitu- 

 tions will not allow them to drink any liquor containing sugar. But there is always 

 danger lest, vinous fermentation having come to an end, acetous fermentation 

 s hould follow, with the result of turning the liquid into something akin to vinegar. 



With t Via rvK!o/«f « r . . • , . " 



measure 



ce; .i. 



With the object of arresting fermentation at the desired stage resort is made to the the chr y santh emum exhibitions. 



National Rose Society.— The committee of this society will r 



Hotel Windsor on Tuesday at the usual hour (three p.m.), and, as is customary 

 at the meeting held in the month preceding the annual, there will, we have 00 

 doubt, be a large muster of members, notwithstanding the counter attractions of 



A. I * 1 « ■ ■ . 



use. of preservatives which destroy the 



germs. The propriety of 



employing such materials as boracic acid, salicylic acid, formalin, and saccharin was 

 criticized. The main reason why saccharin and preservatives are used is, accord- 



Ancient Society of York Florists.— This old and flourishing soacty 



has a chaplain as well as an able executive, and much to the regret of the 



r> t t it ....... i . _ „i - « rA aK has IOUIKj 



Radcliffe Cooke, that they save labour 



j - - , g j — MwvtkJM>*„j CtUU J wv •■ww*^*a tl 



enable poor stuff to be palmed off on the consumer. Worse, however, than this in Cornwall. The co 



mc i\ev. n. vyvyan, who has held the orhce during cne pabi *uui 7 «^-i — 

 it necessary to resign the position in consequence of his having accepted a 



Mill 



cases 



ittee decided to recognise 



service 



iarket under the name of cider. One such proved on analysis to consist of water 



28th ult. they presented him with » 

 . . r ...^rif he naa 



sugar, burnt sugar, and a dangerous drug employed to convey the flavour of pear accomplished, the regret they felt at his leaving the city, and their best 



luice. English makprs nf pl^» on J n . A * J ,. . V- I i.u i • . . ... TU„ ~r*cAnt»tion 



juice. English makers of cider and peny were urged to produce pure liquors of 

 fine quality, as in these they have no rivals. American cider was described as 

 merely a sweet drink without much merit, and French ciders were said to be weak 

 and washy compared with ours. The necessity of planting new orchards of vintage 

 fruit and of renovatingi existing orchards was insisted on, and attention directed 

 to the useful work in progress under the auspices of the technical education com- 

 mittees of the Hereford and Monmouth County Councils. Aided in such ways our 

 cider trade should, Mr. Cooke belives, regain its former importance 



was 



by Mr. J, Pillmoor in appreciative terms. Mr. Councillor 

 and several other members of the executive testified to t 

 Vyvyan is held. In acknowledging the honour done 



tide 

 f. Laienby, 

 which Mr. 

 yvyan »° 



vyvyan is neia. in acknowledging tne nonour uuuc - 'cd to thank 



that his appointment as their chaplain was a great honour, and he desir ^ 



t-ViAm fXr *ko u; m ji„ . - i_ -.I \u„a olnrovc treated him. AUnoufr 



" » ... 



which they had always treated him 

 was £oing so rar away, he should still continue to be a member, an« 

 come year by year to their shows. His new home was ten miles fro 



_ . m a- mm m*. ' m ) -- . i a . - V » . 



Paris Universal Exhibition of ipoo.-The plans of the Horticultural Station and close to the Atlantic, and in the neighbourhood 

 tion at the Paris Exhibition of iooo are now complete, and it oromises to be a P ,ants and flowers > some of which were to be found in J 



nearest 

 rv rare 



Section at the Paris Exhibition of 1900 are now co__„ „ „ 



very attractive building. Space has been secured for British exhibitors, and it is 

 hoped that it will be filled in a manner to reflect credit on horticulture in this members - 



kingdom. 



o other pl*ce> 



He should always be pleased to be visited by any of 



country. It is understood that there will be periodical shows of flowers and fruit Royal Horticultural Society —The 



A sub-committee of the Royal Com- 



meeU] 



gpcietj 

 9 tbe 



ission, composed of the following gentlemen, has been formed : Sir J. Trevor 



Lawrence- ttart q;- t?a~. a ^ _ _ _ . . _ J 



Esq., and 



Esq., 



The a«e r gentle k thehonoiary sccre 4 sub -committee, and any com- 



IhS^SS I* I T td t0 him > or to the Secieta ^ Ro >' al Commission, 

 Pans Exhibition, St. Stephen's House, Westminster, S.W. 



Coloured 



Samuel 



ese Orchids. — The widow of the late 



tnlntiMM* ^ , — -«*«u uas presented rvew wuncwoiouo volumes ot 



»P of orchids, executed by him. Long before orchid growing 



win meet on Tuesday next at the usual hours, and ai mc hibite d. Tit 



Rev. George Henslow, V.M.H., will lecture on some of the plants 

 exhibitions now close at four o'clock. . ^ 



Medicinal Value of Apples. -Chemically, the apple b ^ com ^ ^ 



vegetable fibre, albumen, sugar, gum, chlorophyll, mahc acid, g» rf ^ 

 and much water. Furthermore, the apple contains a liberal pe tbe 

 P r h ° rU !' h ^ k U Iess tfa an in the pear, cherry, or plum^ *» r^Jj oetxfm 



for tbe 

 the .pp**** 



lethicin 



brain and spinal cord 



It is, perbap* 



, — ui me Drain auu ^p'""- reoresent 



reason, rudely understood, thsr old Scandinavian traditions 



