N0 VEMBER 12, 1898. 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



729 



symbuxic association is afforded, states the Rev. Alex. Wilson, M.A., in Know 

 ledge, by certain rotifers which take up their abode in the pitcher-like leaflets of some 

 Jungermannias. One of these liverworts (Frullania dilatata) growing on the bark 



~~~"~^~T^othe Journal of the Linnean Society (vol. xxviii., page 664) as 

 ^jdesciibe m with ]argej dark, glossy leaves, and fine crimson flowers 



"a ^P 1 ^^ an d 'is by far the largest of any known species of honeysuckle." 



wwe kindly forwarded to Kew in 1894 by Mr. A. H. Hildebrand, of species of Acer has hollow appendages of this description in which the water :« 

 Sced rV nerintendent and Political Officer of the Southern Shan States, after retained by capillary attraction. In each of these Ditchers a rotifer (Callidina 

 C 1 nt is named, and plants raised from them were liberally distributed. 



whom tne P an , r - n*,m+;~ it nmvpfl ton fpnrlpr for cultivation in the open 



the Kew Bulletin, it proved too tender for cultivation in the open 

 According 0 ^ ^ k hag grQwn vjgorous i y un der greenhouse treat- 



aif ^ h t has not yet flowered. Mr. F. W. Moore, the able keeper of the Royal 

 ^ Gardens, Glasnevin, has, however, been more successful, flowers having 

 B ° taDlC riuced there in August last on a plant grown in a sunny, airy position in 



use The example forwarded to Kew by Mr. Moore bore two-flowered 

 * 5| een racemes, with flowers six inches long, and of a bright golden colour - 

 Lon as stated in the note quoted above. Writing from Burma in April 

 no t cnmso^ gaid . j am sorry that you are una ble to flower the 



I* 51 1 honeysuckle and rose (Rosa gigantea). The former is a sight to behold just 

 " mv garden, and strikes the densest in horticultural matters with astonish- 

 B0W m It is a mass of flowers, white when they open, and of a lovely gold when 

 ' It flowers on last year's wood. Water at the roots is what both rose 



f ar spent, 

 and honeysuckle require. 



The premier chrysanthemum bloom at the N.C.S. exhibition held on 



November 8, 9, 10, at the Royal Aquarium was a magnificent example of G. J. 

 Warren shown by Mr. Vallis, Bromham Fruit Farm, near Chippenham, who was 

 a good second to Mr. Lees for the Holmes Memorial Cup, offered for 48 Japanese 

 blooms. This premier bloom won Mr. Simpson's special prize ot one guinea, 

 ether with portrait in oils of the flower itself. 



t 



Benevolent Institution.— We 



Gardeners' Royal 



state that the committee of the above institution have been obliged to remove 

 their offices from 50, Parliament Street, to 175, Victoria Street, S.W., to which 

 address all communications should in future be sent. We need scarcely remind 



retained by capillary attraction. In each of these pitchers a rotifer (Callidina 

 symbiotica) takes up its quarters, finding in this retreat food and shelter. The 

 association in all probability is one of mutual advantage ; the rotifer is supposed to 

 make a return to the plant for its entertainment in the shape of excrementitious 

 products. The water-vessels of the Bromelias and allied epiphytes, which often 

 contain half a pint or more of water, are particularly interesting. The hollow 

 leaf-base in some of this group of plants is a veritable aquarium. The water which 

 accumulates in these curious receptacles Fritz Muller found to be inhabited by 

 caddis-flies, entomostracans, and aquatic beetles belonging to species not occurring 

 elsewhere. A small frog even takes up its abode among the bromelian leaves. 

 Species of Utricularia also occur— small aquatic plants which capture in their 

 curious little bladders the tiny crustaceans inhabiting the water in the bromelia 

 leaves where they grow. U. nelumbifolia in this way grows in the leaves of 

 Tillandsias, which are themselves epiphytes on the branches of other plants. 



The Mild Weather of this Month is somewhat unusual even for a 



late stason. A correspondent writes from Broadstairs that on November 4 the 

 thermometer registered 92 degrees in the sun at 10 45 a.m , while the shade tem- 

 perature was 63 degrees. At this seaside resort, and indeed throughout most of 

 the southern counties, rrses, pelargoniums, marguerites, petunias, heliotropes, 

 chrysanthemums, marguerite carnations, stocks, tropoeDlums, and primroses are 

 still flowering with considerable freedom where they have not been removed to 

 make room for bulbs and other spring-flowering subjects. 



Chrysanthemum Mrs. W. Mease.— Mr. W. J. G}dfrey writes 1 "In the 

 last issue of the Gardeners' Magazine in reporting on this variety, blooms 

 of which were certificated by the N.C.S., it is stated [Where ?— Ed.] that 'it is a 

 beautiful primrose-yellow sport from Madame Carnot, shown for the first time last 

 year by Mr. W. Mease, by whom it was fixed.' This is hardly correct, for Mr. 

 Mease had nothing to do with the fixing of the sport of which blooms were exhibited. 



our readers that Mr. G. J. Ingram is the secretary of this excellent charity. 



Early-flowering Chrysanthemums from Scotland. -It may at first 



sight seem absurd to write about early chrysanthemum flowers at the present time, 

 when chrysanthemum shows are being held everywhere ; but the weather has been 

 kind to garden flowers, and both chrysanthemums and dahlias are still flowering, 

 ■.protected, as we write. On?y a few days ago we received two boxes of early- 

 flowering chrysanthemums from Messrs. Dobbieand Co., cut from the open ground 



yellow one almost identical, if not quite, with the sport of Mr. Mease's, I did not 

 consider it advisable to ' split hairs ' over the name and adopted the name * Mrs. 

 Mease.' As we have had shades of yellow, we may reasonably expect one of a 

 still darker and richer tone." 



Horticulture v. Agriculture —In his interesting and useful 41 Story of 



at their Rothesay nursery ; the collection contained sixty varieties, and the flowers """^"'"V r * ™ 7 7 *™ ™ *™Y ™ 



, 1., 11 a wmmn^m »t* the Farm, Professor J. Long makes what at first sight seems a startling statement, 



m von 0/1 c ho Hoc r»f r»ri mcrxn nronnp hrnn 7P \i/hitf» VPllnW. mQP. aTlfl maUVC are . 



viz., that within a radius of twenty miles of London thousands of acres produce 

 hay which realises no more than fifty shillings an acre, and yet within the same 



mj V Air , . ..... - , T • t tv/t tw ^ r«nor; area soil of the same character produces, under glass culture, crops worth over 



Seedling, Alfred Drcz, Jeanne Villermet, Louis Lemaire, Max Duforse, Canan, r * r 



a t c:i . ';*u n . ah a* am ********** £1,000 per acre. Professor Long also states that one grower employs some 300 



varied _ # o , 



still making our office quite gay. The varieties that best suit our taste are 

 Madame Fouchier de Carie, Orange Child, White Lady, Edith Syratt, Piercy's 



A. J. Quintus, Silversmith, and Mrs. Carmeaux. All the sixty varieties were 

 beautiful, however, while their usefulness cannot be denied. 



Aster-flowered Dahlias. —According to an American contemporary, the 

 'ttkly Florists 1 Review, the next sensation in dahlia culture will be the new 

 type to be called the " Aster- flowered." The description of the class is as 



men upon six or seven acres from which, under glass, has been produced in one 

 year 300 tons of grapes, a large proportion of which were sold at is. 6d. per lb. 

 At is. 6d. per lb. the amount is over £50,000 Another grower made £46 per 

 ton of his potatos between the middle of April and the end of May, despatching 

 to market a ton and a-half every day, and this grower also obtained from one of 

 ws: " Flowers not as large as the show type ; petals, however, are longer and hj s glasshouses 80 tons of tomatos, most of which he sold at is. per lb. The 

 1 rolled or folded, sometimes cut, serrated or fringed, inner petals often curled 

 twisted ; always shows a small yellow centre ; blossoms very graceful, 



season 



season between 4.000 and S.000 



•"ally on long stems, and unequalled for cut flowers. They undoubtedly will ore se t of houses alone last ) ear produced 55»oco dozens, 

 be a great acquisition." Judging from the photographic illustration accompanying 



Long 



000 



tkisnote, we do not think aster- flowered dahlias will become popular in this 

 «*ntry, especially as we have now practically rejected what were formerly classed 

 ""decorative " varieties. 



An Agri-Horticultural Congress will be held in connection with the 



Jjfoiversal Exposition that takes place in Paris in 1900. It has been decided to 

 *0* agricultural, sylvicultural, and horticultural matters and also dairying, 

 toe will probably be a general horticultural congress during the first fortnight of 

 J» I 9°o, while fruit culture will be the particular subject for a congress to be 

 warn conjunction with the autumn exhibition of fruit. Like the Exposition 



per acre can be made— indeed, he asserts that much more than £1,000 per acre 

 is actually realised. He explains that glasshouses are not the expensive buildings 



cases 



The November Meteor Shower. — Many horticulturists are almost as 

 much interested in astronomy as in meteorology, and we would remind such that, 

 given clear weather, there will be a grand display of celestial fireworks on Novem- 

 ber 14, 15, 16, visible from midnight till early morning. This November the 

 earth will be well into the immense stream of Leonids, a stream 1 00.000 miles 

 KmoH *nH taking us three days to pass through. The constellation Leo is 



«f. these congresses will be international in character and under the immediate the po i nt to look for as, tore the meteors en'er our atmosphere, and travelling at 



Nonage of the French Government. 



World 



perhaps, 



in the province of Kranong, A former proprietor 

 amanockan Tjiassan Estate, which is the biggest private property in Java, 

 Rod' 011 ^ 54 °'? 00 Dutch acres, had most of his land under coffee until 1872. 

 4eknd ultivation of this plant was no longer lucrative, he planted some of 



U P Wlth Ficu s elastica. The coffee plantations had already been more or 



iiry 

 iter 



'5sc! a eiastica. Ihe coffee plantations had already been more or 



fct^j : offorest growth, so that the planting of Ficus elastica cost less than 



ngs per acre. The soil of these coffee gardens had become useless for 



•*ki onl: h pUrposes ; and ' had not Ficus elas tica been planted in time, vitriol 

 yard's y t>ecome cover ed with poor forest growth. The trees were planted 



200^ ° r ^ 2 treCS t0 the acre * The area P lanted was 7 2 /^ acres » con * 

 ^old rf S * emS \ ^ e trees were ** rst ta PP ed when the plantation was 14 

 {6qo- the yield for tha t and the six following years was : 1886, 5,512 lbs., 

 *M ii/h 4 ' 95 ? lbs ' ^ S4 ° ^ l888 > I.5I4 lbs., £165 ; 1890, 3.307 lbs., £360 ; 



Wlbs vaf A 5 l892 ' 5,992 lbs " £2S6 5 l895, 3,197 lbS '' £4U 1 t0ta1, 



yield d ^ ^ 2|719 ' Sevei *ty-two and a-half acres thus, says the Indian 



m seven years a surplus of £2,712, or £5 8s. per acre per annum. 

 1 lbs. per acre per annum during this period. During the 23 



ment of the plantation in 1872 till 1895 the net yield 



yield 



S>mK- 1 nUm am0UDted tO ^1 1 25. lOd. 



the rate of 40 miles per second generate so much heat that they bum, melt, and 

 vapourise ere they can reach our little world. 



Copper Sulphate for Dressing Wheat -As a preventive agamst 



attacks of wheat rust several preparations have of late been advocated for steep- 

 ing wheat «eed in before sowing. Copper sulphate is the most commonly used 

 prescription, but it appears that there are preparations in the market which are 

 practically useless for the purpose in view. A case was recently brought before 

 the Royal Agricultural Society where a large wheat grower sent two samples of 

 he Koyai consisted of the genuine and useful blue 



wheat dressmgs. J)»* ^ ^ ^ ; 



e 1 U «F ,rnn q8 It I P™* Un b,Ue ' ro6 ' , * n<1 ' *' 9 1 t0ta '' 100 00 ThW 



Sulphate of on 98 75 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ $ 



rl" y inSe of C0PP«, the purchaser no doubt thinking that he wa. getting 

 look lie sulphate ^^J^fcfc was familiar to him. On making further in- 

 the latter, tne . w Itingc htmist to the society, found that this mixture was 



qU ,7 t the ol ow ng desaip kn : « Finely-ground vitriol, specially prepared 

 sold under the fo lomng ■ f ^ ^ ^ r ^ ^ rf q{ 



as a dressmg for wne , ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 



iron being abort * ^ ^ genera , term u vitriol " U appli . 



20 s. per cwt I DtttW y. ^ ^ ^ ^ fjrmcr ^ „ ^ 



iZ&i^Z^™* doubtful what remedya paichutt 



The term symbiosis is applied to those curious would have. 



P for 



utual benefit and protection. A remarkable example of such 



of copper ; so 



nva preparation was a colourable imitation" of sulphate 

 ADC *U fermers should be on their guard and horticulturists as well 

 li 1S * C ainp dailv more frequently used as a fungicide. 



now that sulpnaie w - N» 



