NoV BMBER 19 



1898. 



GARDENERS' 



MAGAZINE. 



749 



One grower sold peaches at over ^62 103. per acre, by the falling leaves. 



chard 



^3,125 ^^"ZIju Mmr £20 clear per acre off his berry patch. Forty acres of 

 while * 



t pple orcna r^ 7our hundred acres of apple trees that brought him £6,250 for the 

 big grower the trees being nine years old. All these things can be had, 



011 V 6 sh without loss of home and home pleasures, with none to molest or 

 m en 0 P* ' the Port Arthur Route. Many sold their apple crop this year 

 h a they asked for their whole farms a year ago. Mr. Coleman's figures 

 t us to pack up ani take Charles Kingsley's advice to " Go West." 



- The analysis of eighteen samples of street sweepings 



Washington showed the following range of percentages : Organic 

 and 10-2 ; nitrogen, ri8 and 0-17; 

 potash, 0-5 and 0 08. A na 



matter, 35-5 



phosphorus pentoxide, 0*16 and o'l ; 

 n the U.S. Department of Agriculture 



iore 



fori 



tlmost 



Artificial 



Manures and their general usefulness forms the 



Garden 



;sion at the next fortnightly meeting of the Royal Horticultural 

 ^pjcti — ^ DriU Ha „^ Westminster, on Tuesday, November 22. 



D Hall, of the Wye Agricultural College, will open the discussion by 

 USdio a paper on this interesting matter. The committees meet as usual at 

 ^o'clock, and the meeting closes at four p.m. 



The Sherwood Cup for Vegetables.— A handsome silver cup, valued 



103. is offered by Mr. N. N. Sherwood for competition at the R.H.S. 



* '& of June 13 and September 16, 1899 ; for this prize vegetables alone are 

 ^bTstaged by either amateurs or gentlemen's gardeners. Apparently there is 



* restriction as to number of kinds and varieties ; judging will be by points, and 

 ^ ints obtained by each competitor on each day will be added together for the 

 IcwT We may add here that the R.H.S. Rose Show of 1899 will be held on 



June 27- 



Cinerarias as Bedding Plants 



list spring, writes Mr. G. Mallett, to ascertain the value of cinerarias as beddiDg 

 -torts • the results were such as to prove their usefulness to a degree hardly antici- 

 Lted/ The varieties experimented with were those of the ordinary garden type 

 Sfdneraria, chiefly blue in colour, as that was the colour needed for effect in this 

 pgrticalar instance. Seeds were sown in October of the previous year, and ^ the 

 jilting seedlings were kept growing slowly throughout the winter in sixty-sized 

 prtj, in a frame heated sufficiently to exclude frosts. A bed, moist and cool, was 

 «ecially selected for them/shaded from strong sunshine, in which they were planted 

 in the following May, and a light shelter was provided for them on the two or 



Growth was 



buows mac a larmer who uses the sweepings from Atlanta, Georgia, finds one ton 

 of them to be about equal to half a ton of mixed stable manure (two-thirds 

 cow, one-third horse) ; he has used the sweepings for three years for maize, wheat, 

 oats, rye, and potatos, broadcasting about twenty tons per acre, and his lands 

 have greatly improved. At Norfolk, \ Virginia, a grower has been using street 

 sweepings for several years, and with much profit, on spinach, cabbage, kale, and 

 potatos ; he finds that their effect on the land is much more lasting than that of 

 stable manure. At Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, street sweepings are used very largely 

 in the parks, with excellent results ; the material is powerful and quick in its 

 action, and gives a capital growth of grass, while its effect is considered " 

 lasting than that of artificial 1 



ore 



ianures. 



Music in the Londo 



Parks cost the London County Council the sum 

 of £7,476 during the season of 189S. The sum voted was £7,800, and the Parks 

 and Open Spaces Committee has recommended that a similar amount be voted for 

 1899. During the present year the L.C.C. has paid £3,752 as wages to its own 

 bandsmen and attendants, ^3,038 being expended in hiring and subsidising bands. 



The Gardeners' Company were entertained a few evenings ago at dinner 

 by the Master, Sir W. Farmer, and at a meeting of the court which preceded the 

 banquet Mr. C. Bayer, of Tewkesbury Lodge, Forest Hill, was admitted to the 

 An experiment was made at Isleworth liver y of the company and elected a member of the court, and Mr. \V. L. Sey- 



liverym; 



These two gentlemen 

 th the Master alluded 



zealous and successful gardener, as the magnificent 

 hat evening as a present to the company showed. 



They 



would be no less pleased to receive Mr. Seyfang into their body, as he also had 

 special claims to admission into their brotherhood as a grower of the finest 

 chrysanthemums. The health of " The Worshipful Company of Gardeners and 

 the Master " was eloquently proposed by the Rev. W. Wilks, and most heartily 

 drunk. During the evening it was announced that the annual scholarships of ,£25. 



pany 



three frosty nignts wnicn ocuuneu muiicuiaiciy auci H IrtUUU 6* v^w^x . . - 



Sy made when they became established, and they commenced to Bower at the Soc f * «■* P^ed up to the year 1902, the gift of the endowment 



rapiuiy ma c W i j # - - 1 Mi for that vear beinp mideat the tab e bv Mr. R T.. Ivrv. 



beginning 



listed in good condition well into August. The residue of the plants after bedding we published the name of the fine new chrysanthemum raised by Mr. II. Weeks, 



" " " Thrumpton Hall Gardens, Derby, as Mist Nellie Byron. This was an unfor- 



tunate mistake, as Mr. Weeks informs us the name should have been Miss Alice 



bedding 



take any show of colour, and they 



for that year being made at the table by Mr. F. G. Ivey. 



Chrysanthemum Miss Alice Byron.— In our issue of November 12 



were planted among some hardy ferns in a shady corner ; these, from the coolness 

 of the situation, were retarded somewhat, but when in flower they rendered a dull 

 quarter 



Occasional rains which fell at the Byron. 



e of flowering did not harm the flowers in the least degree, beyond giving them 



Extra-Nuptial Nectaries In Myrmecophllous Plants,— To the list 



1 greasy a] 

 December 



This season I am intending to sow seeds in of myrmecophilous plants already known to be furnished with what arc called 

 itn still more, in order that they may flower "extra-nuptial" nectaries there have now to bi added seven or eight other 



These, says Naturc % have been observed, in the Botanical Gardens at 

 to possess these glands, which differ from the ordinary melliferous glands 

 eing associated with the iloral organs and l>cing provided for the pur- 



nt period free from frosts. The results effected at Kew about three years ago species 

 by hybridising florists' forms of cineraria with C. cruenta has given origin to a Naples 

 (train of variously coloured varieties with the habit of C. cruenta, known as m not » 



Cineraria Kewensis ; these are eminently suitable for bedding purposes, from their 

 robust habit and effective height. The trouble of keeping them through the winter 

 ii not greater than that demanded by other bedding plants, whilst the effect is 

 itatf immediate, and has only to be once seen to be repeated. 



lilisatioo 



-observed 



cases 



lidissima. L.. and Yicia 



Plant Hybridisation and Cross Breeding. — An international con- 



ce on Hybridisation and Cross Breeding in Plants will be held at the Chis- 

 wkkGardens of the R.H.S. on July n, 1899, and advantage will be taken at that 

 ■action to bring together as large an exhibition as possible of hybrid and cross- 

 ted plants, together with their parents (when possible) for comparison. This 

 •osH prove a most interesting conference and exhibition. 



Koch. The families of Crucif 

 eight families previously know; 

 question. 



The u Blooii 



several purposes. Professor 



liromcliacc 



furnished 



waxy covering that serves 



water 



Agave, which were tested, the loss 



- — B — — — the b i oom was removed was Iron 



Potatos Blackened by Boiling.— Mr. R. Morse recently exhibited some as when it was left on ^ 



and 



Ipecu ^ _ ^ _ ^ 



■faence, in those cooked, as grown in a garden and in a field. The soil from 

 «e field sent was very red with the presence of iron, consequently there was 

 *7 little doubt that the tannic acid, being liberated by boiling, united with some 

 *lt of iron imbibed, producing tannate of iron, the usual ingredients of ink. 

 •fad being somewhat unsightly, nothing of a deleterious character was present. 



■inilar blackening is of common occurrence in potatos from the peaty soils of 

 *fc *nd even preferred by the local inhabitants. 



The Crystal Palace Grounds will be open to season ticket holders, during 

 P*aMire of the Board, on Sundays, from noon till dusk. Admission may be 

 on Sundays at the Rockhills, South Transept, Low Level, Penge, and Syden- 



Stances. Stockholders were formerly admitted to ihe grounds on Sundays, 

 **e the absorption of the A stock under the Act of Parliament that came 



«ce on October 15 last this privilege has ceased. 



Vla ° uria ' Value of Road Sweepings.— It must have occurred to many 



^*ffllto\ observer that the road sweepings in our large and well-paved cities 

 • P^s a high manurial value, and that this material should be utilised for 

 7^7*8 the fertility of market garden and farm land. The gardener has long 



^en* 0 1 Vanta ^ e °^ roa( * scra P m S s and sweepings, using them in the 

 ICiQ|L *j n and elsewhere both for their manurial properties and mechanical 



n the United States the Department of Agriculture has made 



Structure of Indigo Seeds. 



fi curious and interesting discovery has 

 Professor Church while investigating the structure of the seeds of 



ifolia, I. cordifolia, &c He found that 

 I surface, having brownish patches, due 



sections of the embryos showed a marbled 

 to the colouring matter erythrophyll. On 



none was found, M per cent, being albuminoid matters ; hence these 



known. On the solution being 



seeds to test for starch 



Thus there are two quite indepen- 



testing 



u *ai** 7. "~ IUi in vesugation wit 

 mL^J^ lt « to be hoped their 



™ that the fertilising value of 



ost 



pect to the value and utility of road 

 iple will be followed at home. It an 



nitrogenous of all leguminous seeds known, 

 indigo blue separates and becomes insoluble, 

 dent colouring matters in the same seed. The solution being red, the blue formed 

 a ring round the porcelain vessel containing it. 



The United States Potato Crop of 1898 is very slightly atwvc the 



average of the past ten years. The average yield per acre for that period b 75*' 

 bushels, while the average for 1898 is 7S 2. In 1 897 0* a««fi|W * 

 ner acre throughout the Union was 64 -6 bushels ; in 1S96 it was SO 8 tauheU, and 

 in 1895 the enormous yield was 1007 bushels per acre. Considering that the 

 United States farmers have secured the largest hay crop ever recorded thu year, 

 and that the total yield of maize is estimated at 1,9*7,000 000 bushel., they do 

 not seem to have had much cause to grumble about the weather. 



An Old Coin Discovered by a Potato.-Mr. James Fmlay, when 



lifting rotatos at Liberton a few days ago, noticed something sharp sticking out 

 of the edge of one. On examination he found the edge of i com protruding, 

 . L _- t^h Una embedded in the pottto. 



extracted 



Edinburgh halfpenny of J 79° 



the 



sweepings varies greatly with the 

 ! c lavements, being practically nothing in the 



roads, and aDDroar.hinor that of pood stable manure in the case 



greatly wuu ««; - — , 



case of material eastern district there 



autu eCted ° n hand * swe Pt and well-paved streets of crowded cities ; 

 n the quantity and quality of the street sweepings are much enhanced 



ma 



this species does 

 the lower slopes. 



Arizona arc of great extent, and in the north- 

 000 square miles of Pinus ponderosa, forming a 



OQQ to 12,000 feet ; below 9,000 feet 

 pruce. and Douglas fir grow freely on 



junipers, spruce 



