THE GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



November 26 



the latter are applied, in determining which of the several constituents recent exhibition at Paris by his magnificent vases of blooms. The latt ~^ 

 have produced a favourable or unfavourable effect upon the crop, similar in development :to those seen at British exhibitions, and presented llw.v* 



T"» . _ *. h,V»fi with somp r***™* «,™» rnlfi. contrast to those staged by the majority of the exhibitors. M Vo * HIIk "»g 



a large silver gilt medal for his vases of chrysanth;mums, 



But this advice must be taken with some reserve, for, were culti- 

 vators to act upon it, many waste products now utilised with much success 

 by gardeners and farmers would have to be removed from manufactories 

 at a considerable cost instead of being a source of profit ; and if this does 



a large silver g 

 received a gold medal. 



Prooosed Winter 



M. Fatzer was awarded 

 and for his grapes he 



cti a unniwiimnv v-"« — — o i > - It is proposed to erect a 



not immediately concern cultivators it would indirectly affect them, as winter garden on part of «e site of the Brighton Aquarium, and particulars of th 



any material reduction in the supplies would have a tendency to raise the scheme were recentl y laid before the committee of the Town Council, which bod! 



prices of the simple fertilisers. There is, of course, much to be said in has > ^7 Act of Parliament, certain rights of veto in regard to constructive altera 



favour of simple manures, and they can, of course, be used with advantage f ons of * he Aquarium. The •committee were informed that a syndicate proposed 



. r c o 1 u * Tv/r u 11 t0 purchase the Aquarium from the liquidators of the comoanv and k» 



as supplementary to fertilisers of a more general character. Mr. Hall _ M r m nnn * . * 'TF^ and by a h »*al 



suggested that except nitrogen, phosphates, and potash there was nothing 

 worth buying, and to a certain extent this is true, for in a general state- 



including a winter garden, to make the altered and enlarged Acinar;,,™ ' 

 thoroughly attractive "all day pleasure resort, available under all conditions of 



with remarkable lucidity, and it was pointed out that, while nitrogenous 



ment of the case these are the only food constituents that the cultivator Seyeral new entrances win be prOTid ' edj and on the easter ~ ns 0 



need apply to the soil At the same time it would not be wise to base an the present Aquariu m roof a light iron and glass roof is to be formed, extendi 



estimate of the money value of farmyard manure on the percentage of f or a length of about three hundred feet. At the western end of the' buildin ^ 



these constituents, because of the usefulness of humus derived from covered portion would be provided, which would be available for the public* 



decaying organic matter in the retention of plant food in the soil and the virtually forming a covered seat and shelter. In acknowledgment of such con* 



conservation of moisture. As we understood Mr. Hall, he did not suggest cessions as may be necessary, the [syndicate offer to afford facilities for widening 



that the value of farmyard manure should be determined in this way, but the Marine Parade, adding an area of 1,350 yards, particulars of which have 



he did not show how greatly the latter differed in its effects from already been published. The committee have unanimously advised the Council 



artificials, The several artificial fertilisers were passed under review to allow the scheme to proceed. 



The National Chrysanthemum Society's Annual Dinner will take 



manures had the effect of greatly stimulating the production of leaves place at the Holborn Restaurant, High Holborn, W.C., on Wednesday, November 



and growth generally, the phosphatic fertilisers, such as superphosphate 30, at 6.30 sharp. Sir Albert Kaye Rollit, M.P., has kindly consented to take the 



of lime and basic slag, and potassic manures, of which kainit is best chair on this occasion. The challenge trophy, Holmes and Turner memorial cups, 



known, are of special value in building up the tissues, and in the pro- medals, &c, won at the great November show, will be presented to the winners 



duction of fruits and roots. The value of applications of sulphate cf during the evening. Tickets, exclusive of wine, are 5;. each, and may be obtained 



ammonia and nitrate of soda to such crops as cabbages and lettuces early from Mr - Ric h ard Dean > V.M.H., Ranelagh Road, Ealing. On the occasion of 



in the spring was pointed out, and cultivators were warned against using this annual^ dinner ladies will be for the first time admitted, and their presence is 



these in excess, and thus promoting a soft growth, this advice having 

 special application to those who have to send the produce long distances, 



as, for example, to the market or town house. Mr. Hall referred to the Botany and Director of the Botanic Gardens at Halle, while his successor at the 



value of nitrate of scda as a spring dressing for strawberries making but University of Basle is Dr. W. Scbimp^r. Mons. C. Sauva^eau has been appointed 



little leaf growth, and gave some interesting particulars of the experi- Professor of Botany to the Faculty of Sciences at Dijon. Professor L. M. Under 



ments he had carried out. The importance of systematic experiments wood has been elected president, Professor B. L. Robinson vice-president, and 



mcst desirable. 



Botanical Appointments.— Dr. G. Kleb: has been appointed Professor of 



was insisted upon, and it was shown how much might be accomplished 



Professor G. F. Atkinson secretary of the Botanical Society of America for the 



in this direction by cultivators with but little trouble or expense to ensuing year 



themselves. 



Gardeners' Magazine Christmas Number.— We 



Chrysanthemum Congress at Troyes. — The congress and exhibition 



held at Troyes, under the auspices of the National Chrysanthemum Society, was 

 a splendid success. There was a lar^e gathering of those who take an interest in the 



in announcing that our Christmas number, which will be published on Decern- chrysanthemum, and considerable regret was expressed that the leading English 



authorities on the chrysanthemum were, in consequence of their numerous engage- 

 ments, unable to hi present. The jury had for its president M. de la Rocheterie, 

 and for its secretary M. Debris ; and between one hundred and fifty and two 



ber 17, will be of special interest, and fully maintain the popularity 

 associated with the Christmas season. Mr. F. W. Buibidee, M.A.. 



the literary and historical aspects of the nelumbium ; Mr. Norman Brown will _ 



relate the adventures of a pretty Parisian bouquetiere ; Mr. George Gordon will hundred seedlings were submitted for inspection. On the completion of the labours 



" of the jury the members were entertained at a banquet, at which, among other 



discuss 



zenith of its popularity in the days of " Good Queen Bess," and will give illustra- notabilities, M. Viger was present, and conferred upon several of those present 



tions of fome unique examples; Mr. G. Nicholson, A.L.S , will contribute an the Order of the Merit Agricole and of Public Instruction, amongst those receiving 



article on the horticultural aspects of the Riviera, which will be illustrated by the distinction of an Officer of Public Instruction being M. Charles Ballet. At the 



reproductions of a series of photographs taken by Henry Little, Esq.; Mr. R. clo *f of the banquet the congress was declared open, and in the course of the pro 

 Dean will take us back to the days when Chiswick was the chief centre of horti- " - " " " " 



t * A A _ 



cultural activity, and accompanying his paper will be several illustrations that may 

 be described as unique ; Mr. J. R. Jackson, A.L.S. , Lux, Jack Bowser, and 

 other writers will contribute to the issue, with which will be presented a beautiful 

 almanack printed in colours, illustrative of the Penzance briers. 



Potato 



ceedingsa lecture was given by M. Chilli ;>t on the insects and fungi by which 

 chrysanthemums are attacked ; and M. Daulhenay ducussed the question of races. 

 Tne second meeting was devoted chiefly to the consideration of the question of 

 preparing a catalogue of chrysanthemums ; and M. de Meulnacre, of Ghent, 

 defended with much vigour his syitem of arranging the name?, which consists 

 in giving the surname first. Afcer several hours' discussion it was decided to adop 

 this plan in the new catalogue to be prepared by the French National Chrysan- 

 themum Society. It was decided to hold next year's congress at Lyons 



r _ During 1897 and the present year experiments have 



been carried out at the Cheshire County Council's horticultural school, and the 

 report of the experiments received from Mr. J. G. Gordon, principal of the school, 

 is of much interest. The first experiment was one testing the productiveness of a 

 great number of varieties, and the results of 1898 were strikingly similar to those 



of 1897. In both seasons the most productive of early round varieties was Early - MV . urwnmM ^ m — A . 



Market Favourite, while Challenge was the heaviest cropper of early kidneys British schedule and the revision of the select list of cactus dahlias. 



OllPPn rsf Anpl.t 1. : J— ji t t - _ r 1 _ . • r_ii a 1.— 



National 



Dahlia Society.— This society will bring its year's work to a 

 close on December 13, when the annual meeting will be held at 2 p.m , at t e 

 Horticultural Club. The business will include the preparation of next year 



_ ^ _ _ _ _ m ■ ■ i 



hZTh °r- £e ? n r l i dDeyS ' and Up t0 DatC ° f latC Variet . iCS ' f ° ll0Wed b/ Ramie and Rhea Fibre.- At vaiious times, and especially in connection 



Maincron * !* T AbundaDCe '. ™* ht > wit* Dr. Morris's lecfures upon fibVes and fibre plants, we have referred in these 



A^wShr V ' t°? §h ° iant ^ 4 y , ° V T r 2 4 ' chief difficulty being the absence of a suitable machine for the decorticanon of the 



Atrial with cut sets against whole sets gave no decisive results. In an experiment fi . V * TI \ „„„ Time however, works improve- 



with se^ri t»h«r C ^;ff^.^ t tt . ■. • r • u r . r wxous st&lKS la % cntxo and efficient manner, lime, nowocr, «v ( - t<1 i,i ( . 



^Zl l u I T herC WaS a StCady mCrCa5e ° y l C d ' ff ° m that ° f »«U, ^ it now appears that we are really at the commencement of a prohuMe 



ht ^on 7 '"I ° Ugh a Wkh ° nC and a - half mSSh * in b2S Ubr s f om which such strong and yet delicate stru c 



througi one of one and a quarter inch. »n th*t of tubers which would not mss- A t . I ulllul _ nDr£S ™ w . _ ._, wlin fl)r many yeai> 



throug'i one of one and a quarter inch, to that of tubers which would not piss 

 through a two and a-half inch mesh. Thtre were three intermediate sizes. The 

 largest seed tubers gave more than double the yield obtained from the smallest. 

 In the manuring experiments, as farmyard manure was applied to every plot, the 

 results indicate the relative values of extra artificials. The greatest yield was 

 obtained on a plot dressed with three hundredweight of superphosphate, one 

 hundredweight of sulphate of ammonia, and one hundredweight of muriate of 

 potash, in addition to fifteen tons of farmyard manure, and the profit from the use 

 01 artificials was also greatest in this case. Sulphate of ammonia did better than 

 potash and mU " ate a PP« are d to be much the best form in which to apply 



Ail V nf eS ° f . Chrysanthemu m*.-M. Fatzer, who is one of the most success- 



mi 01 tne cultivators of chrysanthemums in France, surprised the visitors to the 



lures can be manufactured. Mr. Ferguson, of Brighouse, who lo ' ma °J * 

 has been experimenting with a view to solving the difficulties attending t p 

 duction of ramie, has woiked out a machine that is simple, efkctive, an ^ ^ 

 Mr. Ferguson's invention has been examined by many experts, * ^ 

 apparently all agreed that it is a success. Some considerable capita J is > ^ 

 give this new industry a good s'.art, and when this is raised we shall 

 interest the development of ramie fabrics. f wftS 



A Mild November.-Until the 22nd fast the month of K° y€ ™J t0 J 



very mild, and such comparatively tender plants as zonal pelargoniums ^ 

 seen floweiing freely in many a garden. Writing early in the P resei " ^ of 

 Great Amwell, a correspondent states that the following subjects, ewj. - ^ 

 such as chrysanthemums, hellebores, Jasminium nudiflorum, .vc, J$bilt 

 expects to flower at this season, were blooming freely m Lis " 



