222 Report on Writing Indian Words [No. 8, New Series 



a short is followed by ^ it is generally pronounced long or 

 like a double act, in consequence of the deepening sound of 

 the ^ Thus J^*^ ma°mid pronounced mdmul custom. So 



vj^j ta'alhlk pronounced talluk, a division of a district ; J^j 

 ?io"/ a nail, pronounced 



8. cs long, as the a in ' father.' As an initial it is \, or alif- 

 i-manduda, or prolonged alif. As a medial or final, it is \ 

 without the circumflex, as ndld a watercouse. 



9. i short ; as the i in ' single.' This is simply the zer 



(para, 2.) Thus the word \J^.\ ijdrd a lease u^-xls^ khil c at* 

 a dress of honor. 



.10. i long ; as the i in ' pique.' This is the yd']' with 

 the zer under and preceding it, It is called the ya-i- 

 ma c ru/GV known ya, this sound only being known in Arabic : 

 as (Jls\j<< wiiras heritage. As an initial it is thus \ 

 1'mn Persia. 



11. 4 long ; as the ei in ' neighbour.' (There is no short 

 e in Hindustani.) It is called yd-i-majkul or unknown, as 

 it is a sound not known in Arabic. It is distinguished from 

 the i of para. 10, and the ai of para. 12, by having no vowel 

 mark, either above or below. Thus Jjj tel oil. As an ini~ 

 tial it is 0 -U as ^ £ A ek one. 



12. ai, as the ai in 'aisle.' It is the yd with a zahar 

 over and preceding it, and thence caJIed yd-i-sdkin ma kabl 

 maftv. h, or ya quiescent with a preceding fa? ha. Thus 

 maiddn a plain. As an initial it is A\ So \^\ aisastoeh. 



* ttith reference to the N. U., of para 7, it will bo observed that in this 

 word, the £ preceds the a, und the a is not lengthened. 



t The letter is sometime oonsooaot y, as when united with , as 

 j'j ynd memory j\j j fttry&d complaint. Words ending in Ui^J preceded 

 by long a or long i are pronounced as yat. Thus CU-O l-s^i.,' "po.nch.6yat a 

 meeting of Arbitrators ^ ^JL ii \abuUynt an agreement . 



