THE ACID LIME FRUIT IN HAWAII. 



13 



has not proved serious in the Territory. It usually produces spot- 

 ting of the leaves and causes them to drop prematurely. 



Fungus diseases are best controlled by Bordeaux mixture. 

 Bordeaux mixture. — The general formula for Bordeaux mixture 

 is as follows : 



The copper sulphate should be suspended over night in a sack in 

 a wooden receptacle, such as a sake barrel or a soja tub, containing 

 a gallon of water. Solution can be hastened by placing the sack 

 just under the surface of the water. If pulverized the copper sul- 

 phate may be dissolved in half a gallon of hot water to which an 

 equal quantity of cold water is then added. Make 5 gallons of the 

 copper solution by adding water. The lime should be slaked sepa- 

 rately in a small quantity of water. When slaking is completed, 

 add water to make 5 gallons. Equal parts of the lime and the copper 

 should be poured together into a third container and thoroughly 

 stirred when the solution is wanted for use. The solution should 

 then be strained into the spray tank and agitated at frequent inter- 

 vals to prevent settling of the precipitate, formed by the chemical 

 union of the lime and copper. Bordeaux mixture may be kept with- 

 out deterioration for some time by the addition of sugar at the. rate 

 of one-tenth pound to 10 gallons of solution. 



A sprayer of any kind may be used, but for the sake of economy 

 and efficiency it should be such as will produce a fine misty spray. 

 A small pneumatic hand pump having an atomizer type of nozzle 

 will distribute the liquid evenly and be perfectly satisfactory for 

 small nursery seedlings, or for use in yards where there are only 

 one or two trees. The only drawback to such a pump lies in the 

 difficulty of thoroughly spraying the underside of the leaves. 



The more complicated kind of pump having an ordinary type of 

 nozzle gives the best results provided the application is liberal and 

 the pressure powerful enough to cause the spray to settle in a fine 

 mist on the trees. Such a pump is necessary where a number of lime 

 trees are grown for commercial use. 



A pump having a 5 to 25 gallon tank is useful for spraying small 

 orchards, and the knapsack type of sprayer of this size, when pro- 

 vided with small compressed air pumps, gives considerable satisfac- 

 tion. The spray flows continuously for several minutes after the 

 air chamber is pumped up and thus the operator is able to give his 

 undivided attention to directing it. 



A knapsack sprayer which is equipped with a 3-foot brass exten- 

 sion rod, a stopcock, and a side disgorger of the cyclone type, or an 

 elbow connection for a nozzle of the Vermorel type, has been very 

 effective at the experiment station for use in spraying both sides of 

 the leaves of lime trees. 



CONTROL. 



Copper sulphate (Milestone) 



Quicklime ( unslaked ) 



Water 



1 pound. 

 1 pound. 

 10 gallons, 



SPRAYING APPLIANCES. 



