32 BULLETIN 71, HAWAII EXPERIMENT STATION 



VARIETIES OF LEMONS 



The lemon is native of tropical and subtropical Asia, but is 

 now cultivated in many warm parts of the world, and was intro- 

 duced into America by Spanish settlers. In Florida the varieties 

 Everbearing and Rough have some commercial value. Lemon 

 growing has spread to several of the southern States, including 

 California. The exact date of its introduction into Hawaii is not 

 known, but the fruit is said to have been in cultivation here 

 during the early part of the nineteenth century. European and 

 Californian varieties have been introduced into Hawaii from the 

 United States. The station has obtained graft wood of the vari- 

 eties Sicily, Lisbon, Villafranca, Rough, Eureka, Ponderosa, 

 American Wonder, and Sweet. The trees are easily identified 

 by the odor of their leaves when crushed. The leafstalks also 

 differ from those of other forms of citrus in being wingless. 



Rough 



The Rough variety (fig. 5, A) is the most resistant and pro- 

 lific of the lemon varieties in Hawaii. Although somewhat thorny, 

 the Rough lemon is a splendid dooryard tree. Several trees have 

 been developed from a rootstock that sprouted after the scion 

 of some other citrus had died back. 



Fruit — Form, oblong, ovate or roundish ; size, medium to large with blunt base, sometimes 

 elevated so as to surround the calyx ; rind, decidedly rough ; pulp sections, 9 to 12, well 

 denned, open pith in center ; pulp, yellow, sacs large ; juice, abundant, clear : acid, medium, 

 agreeable ; seeds, few, small, and plump. 



Eureka 



The Eureka (fig. 5, B) was introduced into Hawaii in 1906 

 from Los Angeles, California, where the variety originated. The 

 station produced a number of trees from the first propagating 

 material for distribution to cooperative growers and for trial 

 in the station orchard. The station trees were heavy bearers 

 when young but were later attacked by gummosis. The variety 

 should be grafted rather high on sour orange stock and grown 

 in soil having good underdrainage. 



Fruit — Size, medium ; form, oblong with tapering base : apex, nippled ; rind, smooth, 

 glossy ; juice, abundant, clear, strong acid ; flavor, good ; seeds, none to few. 



Villafranca 



The Villafranca was introduced into Hawaii for the first time 

 from California in 1906. The trees are prolific, almost thornless, 

 and on sour orange stock are resistant to gummosis. 



Fruit — Size, medium ; form, oval-oblong with rounded base and bluntly pointed apex ; 

 rind, smooth and thin ; juice, clear, strong, with good flavor ; seeds, few to about a dozen. 



Lisbon 



The Lisbon was introduced into Hawaii in 1906, but the trees 

 did not do well at the station. The tree is reported to be vigor- 

 ous and productive, but thorny. 



Fruit — Size, large ; form, oblong with bluntly pointed base, sometimes necked ; apex, 

 distinctly nippled; rind, fairly smooth, thin; pulp sections 10 or 11; juice, clear, acid, 

 strong ; seeds, few, usually abortive. 



Sicily 



A grafted tree of the Sicily was obtained locally by the sta- 



