CITRUS CULTURE IN HAWAII 



25 



of the islands. In most American countries the species is divided 

 horticulturally into two types or strains commonly identified as 

 shaddocks and grapefruits. 



Several grafted trees of the Siamese pomelo and a half dozen 

 new hybrids of Siamese varieties with other citrus were received 

 in 1930 by the station from the United States Department of 

 Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Two of these have been set at 

 the Kona substation, and the rest at the central station in Hono- 

 lulu, where their development is being observed with considerable 

 interest. 



The tree (Citrus decumana) is vigorous, round-topped, and 15 to 30 feet high; the bark 

 is thick and of brownish or grayish color, with small more or less spiny branches ; the 

 young growth is somewhat angular, but later becomes cylindrical and is usually glaborous ; 

 the leaves are large and coarse, 5 to 7 inches long, 2 to 4 inches broad ; the leafstalk is % 

 to 1% inches long, marginal wings varying from mere ridges to % inch each (fig. 5, A) ; the 

 blade is oval or elliptical-oval, entire or slightly irregular, scalloped or toothed ; the apex 

 is either acute or notched ; the surface is dark green above, and lighter green below ; the 

 flowers are solitary, or m two to ten-flowered racemes from the axils of leaves ; the indi- 

 vidual flowers are large and fragrant ; the calyx is cupular and clefted into 3 to 5 segments ; 

 the petals are 4 to 6, ovate-oblong, and white ; the stamens are 20 to 35, each terminating 

 with a large yellow anther ; the pistil is globose, the style is columnar, the stigma is broad 

 and globose and of yellow color. 



Fruit — Size, 5 to 9 inches in diameter ; form, globose, oblate, spherical or broadly pear- 

 shaped, base, depressed or protruding about the stem attachment; apex or stigmatic portion, 

 depressed ; color at full maturity, light yellow, and in some varieties pinkish on portion 

 exposed to sun ; surface, densely studded with greenish glandular dots ; rind, % to % inch 

 thick, pithylike, soft, and white; carpels or fruit sections, 11 to 21; pulp sacs, large and 

 tapering, varying from dry to very juicy, and also from sweet to bitter. (In shaddocks 

 the pulp sacs separate freely). Seeds vary from none to 120, and also in size and shape, 

 being usually flattened and wrinkled. 



Victoria 



The Victoria was introduced into Hawaii about 1890 from 

 Malaya and propagated by inarching and by grafting. Seedlings 

 have occasionally given variations. The varietal name, "Victoria," 

 was given to vegetatively-propagated plants some years ago 

 by the owner, Mrs. V. Ward, "Old Plantation," 959 South King 

 Street, Honolulu. The station received propagating material of 

 the variety in November, 1922. Most of the varietal characters, 

 other than those noted in the general description of Citrus de- 

 cumana, exist in the fruit. 



The tree rarely attains a height of 20 feet, is spreading and of dark brownish color ; 

 the branches are small and rarely spiny ; the growth is first angular and later cylindrical, 

 smooth, and dark green ; the leaves are large, 5 to 7 inches long and 2 to 4 inches broad ; 

 the petioles are short, the marginal wings varying from mere ridges to % inch in width ; 

 the blade is ovate, oblong, or elliptical ; the margins are entire or slightly serrated : and 

 the apex is pointed or notched. The flowers are solitary, or in 2 to 10-flowered racemes 

 in axils of leaves, and sometimes terminal on leafy branches ; the individual flowers are 

 large and fragrant ; the calyx is cupular and slightly clefted into several greenish segments ; 

 the petals, 4 to 6, and occasionally more, are ovate-oblong and white ; the stamens, 25 to 35, 

 are white ; the anthers are orange ; the pistil is globose and yellowish green ; the stigma is 

 semi-globose. 



Fruit — Size, 7 to 9 inches in diameter ; form, oblate or globose, base either depressed or 

 protruding about stem attachment ; stigmatic end flattened or depressed ; color, light yellow, 

 often tinted pink on part facing the sun ; entire surface, densely studded with greenish 

 dots ; rind, % to % inch thick, inner part white and pithy ; pulp sacs, 11 to 16, tapering 

 to spindle shaped, adhering, of pale red to crimson color, juicy and sweet. The fruit varies 

 from seedless to very seedy, depending on the season. 



Quintal 



The original tree of the Quintal was a seedling presumably 

 of the Victoria, which it resembles in many characteristics and 

 habits, and was grown by J. M. Quintal, 1522 Alexander Street, 

 Honolulu. In December, 1922, the station obtained some of the 

 graft wood for propagation and distribution. 



Fruit — Form, globose ; diameter 6 to 7 inches ; surface, rather rough, pale greenish yellow 

 at maturity; rind, % to 1% inch thick; carpels, about 14; pulp sacs, short, plump, spindle- 

 shaped, juicy, pinkish, with slightly bitter tang but pleasing flavor ; seeds, few, occasionally 

 none. 



