HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 

 HONOLULU, HAWAII 



Under the joint supervision of the 

 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII 

 and the 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



BULLETIN NO. 71 



Honolulu, Hawaii May, 1934 



CITRUS CULTURE IN HAWAII 



By W. T. POPE, Senior Horticulturist 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 1 



Botanical relation 2 



Important kinds of citrus at the station.. 2 



Propagation 2 



Cultural requirements 4 



Insect enemies 12 



Diseases 16 



Harvesting 18 



Page 



Varieties of oranges 19 



Varieties of mandarins 23 



Varieties of pomelos and shaddocks 24 



Varieties of grapefruit 28 



Varieties of lemons 32 



Varieties of limes 33 



Summary 34 



Literature cited 36 



INTRODUCTION 



Citrus fruits of various kinds have been in cultivation in Ha- 

 waii for more than a hundred years. The production of citrus 

 for export reached its peak during the period 1840-70. During 

 part of that time oranges were a leading product of export in 

 the Kona District on the island of Hawaii (22) 1 . Since 1870, 

 localities on the larger islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago have 

 become well known for their citrus culture. Citrus growing in 

 Hawaii has greatly diminished, however, as a result of the de- 

 velopment of the more remunerative sugar, coffee, and livestock 

 industries. About 1910 the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis 

 capitata) began to menace the industry, and the locally produced 

 supply of citrus fruit is not now equal to the demands of the 

 rapidly increasing population. During the fiscal year ended 

 June 30, 1932, the value of the citrus fruits imported into the 

 Territory of Hawaii increased to $485,908. 



Citrus investigations have been in progress at the Hawaii 

 Agricultural Experiment Station since 1904, and the results have 



1 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to Literature Cited, pp. 36, 37. 



