13 



Ochreous with a pale brown, olive, or red-brown tinge. Fore wing with indistinct 

 double waved antemedial lines; a dark speck representing the orbicular; an indistinct 

 curved medial line; the reniform indistinct; postmedial and sub marginal waved lines, 

 the space between them somewhat darker and with a series of pale or dark specks on 

 the nervules; a marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing white; the veins fuscous; 

 a broad blackish outer border usually with a pale sub marginal central patch. Under- 

 side of fore wing with the orbicular and reniform stigmata conspicuously black; a 

 broad blackish band beyond the postmedial line; the apices of both wings and outer 

 area of fore wing pinkish. 



Remedies. — As already stated, the pod-borer is not a serious pest 

 of tobacco. It is the general practice of planters to top the plants 

 as soon as the flowers appear, and where this is done consistently 

 there is little evidence of the pod-borer. To obtain seed, the flower 

 stalks are "usually inclosed in a bag. Neglected fields, however, 

 always show signs of the borer if the eggs or worms are not actually 

 present in numbers. Under the circumstances it is unnecessary to 

 recommend any remedial measures beyond the avoidance of neglecting 

 a regular routine in field work. If for any reason a field of standing 

 tobacco is abandoned, the plants should be plowed up and destroyed 

 to avoid a general infestation. 



Natural enemies. — The eggs of the pod-borer moth are probably 

 parasitized, here as elsewhere, by Trichogramma pretiosa, although 

 the parasite has never to my knowledge actually been bred here from 

 Heliothis eggs. It is also possible that the common tachinid parasites 

 attack Heliothis, but there is no positive evidence at hand. 1 



HORN WORM. 



Hornworms are the f amiliar, large, repulsive-looking caterpillars of 

 the hawk moths, with large head and prominent horn or spine at the 

 hind end of the body. The moths are also large and heavy-bodied 

 and resemble humming birds as they hover around open blossoms in 

 the late afternoon. There are several native species which are only 

 rarely seen in the mountains, but the strong flying moths often get 

 down to the coast. The commoner introduced species are found, 

 Sphinx convolvuli on sweet potatoes and Deilepliila lineata on purslane. 

 The tobacco hornworm, PMegethontius quinguemaculata (fig. 7), is 

 extremely uncommon and has never been seen by the writer on 

 tobacco. It is sometimes found around Honolulu on the wild tobacco 

 (Nicotiana glauca), and on these occasions the broods are usually large, 

 and the plants soon stripped. Its rare occurrence would indicate 

 the presence of very efficient parasites. 



The tobacco hornworm is a North American insect and is known 

 throughout the tobacco districts of the United States as the northern 

 tobacco worm in contradistinction to the southern tobacco worm, 

 P. sexta. It must have been introduced here at an early date; it 



Since the above was written, Frontina archippivora has been bred from the pupa. 



