13 



THE MORE IMPORTANT GRASSES IN HAWAII. 



In the following pages notes are given on the distribution, charac- 

 teristics, and value of some of the more important native and intro- 

 duced grasses found on the ranches of Hawaii. Prehminary to the 

 more detailed discussion of the various species a summary of them 

 may be found in the following table, in which scientific and popular 

 names and notes on their distribution are given: 



The more important grasses. 



Botanical name. 



Common name. 



Hawaiian name. 



Remarks. 



Andropogon contortus 



Andropogon halepensis 

 (var.). 



Andropogon saccharoides . . 

 Anihoxanthum odoratum. . 



Briza minor 



Bromus unioloides. 



Calamagrostis fosteri 



Cenchrus echinatus 



ChsetoclilGa glauca 



Chsetochloa vcrticillata . . 



Clitoris gay ana 



Chrysopogon aciculatus . 

 Cynodon dactylon 



DactyUs glovierata. 

 Eleusine indica . . . 



Eragrostis variabilis . 



Eesiuca myurus 



Holcus lanatus 



Eordeum murinum. 

 Kczleria glomerate . , 

 Lolium perenne 



Panicum colonum or Eclii- 



nochloa colona. 

 Panicum crus-galli or 



Echinochloa crus-galli. 

 Panicum barbinode 



Panicum maximum. 

 Panicum pruriens . . 



Panicum torridum 



Paspalum conjugatum. 

 Paspalum dilatatum. . 

 Paspalum. orbicular e. . 

 Poa annua 



Poa pratensis 



Stenocaphrum americanum 



Syntherisma sanguinalis. . . 



Syntherisma helleri 



fricholsena rosea 



Twisted beard grass. 

 Johnson grass 



Pili. 



Fuzzy top 



Sweet vernal grass . 



Quaking grass 



Prairie or rescue grass. 



Toothed bent grass.. . 

 Sandbur or bur grass. 



Yellow foxtail 



Bristly foxtail 



Rhodes grass 



Heupuueo 

 Umealu... 



Bermuda grass. 



Piipii or pilipihula. 

 Manienie 



Orchard grass or cocks- 

 foot. 



Yard grass 



Manienie alii (on Molo- 

 kai). 



Emoloa or Kalamalo 



Rat-tail fescue 



Yorkshire fog, velvet, or 

 meadow soft grass. 



Wall barley 



Mountain pili 



Perennial rye grass 



Six weeks grass (on Mo- 



lokai). 

 Barnyard grass 



Pili-uka. 



Para grass (commonly 

 called "panicum"). 



Guinea grass 



Crab grass 



Kukaipuaa. . . 

 Kakonakona. 



Hilo grass 



Australian water grass. . . 



Rice grass 



Annual meadow or low 

 spear grass. 



Kentucky blue grass 



Buffalo grass 



Crab grass... . 



do 



Natal redtop . 



Mau-laiki. 



Manienie-akiaki. 



Kukaipuaa 



Kukaipuaa-uka . 



On low dry lands. 



On alfalfa and sugar 



lands. 

 For low dry lands. 

 Found in wet districts of 



Molokai. 

 In wet regions. 

 At elevations of 2,000 feet 



and above. 

 Do. 



On dry sandy lands. 

 Pest on Kauai. 

 A weedy annual. 

 For meadows. 

 Worthless as feed. 

 At elevations up to 5,000 

 feet. 



At elevations of 4,000 feet 

 and above. 



At elevations of 4,000 to 

 7,000 feet. 



In dry regions. 

 At elevations of 4,000 feet 

 and above. 



Along water ditches or 



submerged lands. 

 Plant in wet places. 



Valuable annual, low ele- 

 vations. 

 Eaten in dry seasons. 



Good at all elevations. 

 Worthless. 



At elevations of 4,000 to 

 6,000 feet. 

 Do. 



From sea level to eleva- 

 tions of 4,000 feet. 



Stenotaplirum americanum, called manienie-akiaki, buffalo grass, or 

 in the South, St. Augustine grass, is found in all warm countries and is 

 a valuable grass under all conditions of moisture and at all elevations, 

 but particularly below 4,000 feet. .It is aggressive in its growth when 

 moisture conditions are good, and will, when not grazed,, overrun 

 guava, lantana, and other bushes, but not destroy them. It is an 

 excellent grass to plant in fields abandoned because of J apanese nut 



