142 JOUKNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 
sulphide was by far the most effective. It is stated that in wet seasons 
the disease flourishes and is difficult to control, while in dry ones the 
mildew can be almost entirely prevented by the thorough use of fungi- 
cides. The strength of the potassium sulphide should be one ounce to 
two or three gallons of water, and "spraying should be begun very early, 
just as the buds are breaking, and continued at intervals of about 
ten days." 
We see, therefore, from the accounts given above that this new 
Gooseberry disease which has just appeared in Ireland is capable of 
causing the most serious damage on a large scale. It is therefore a 
matter of economic importance that steps should be taken to stamp out, 
if possible, the disease at once. From the consideration of analogous 
cases it seems only too probable that the disease may spread throughout 
Britain, and invade other parts of Europe. In 1845 a mildew, closely 
allied to the Gooseberry Mildew, appeared on Grapes grown at 
Margate, England. This was subsequently proved to be identical with a 
fungus up to that time known only on vines in America, and it has 
therefore been supposed by some botanists that this Grape disease was 
introduced from America. Directly after this mildew appeared in 
England it spread immediately all over Europe, devastating the vine- 
yards of France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, &c. 
In conclusion, it may perhaps be well to add that there is another 
mildew, closely allied to Si:ihmrothcca viors-uvce, which attacks Goose- 
berry-bushes. This fungus, which is known as Microsphcera Grossu- 
laricB (Walk.) Lev., is not so dangerous in its attacks as the Sjjhcsrotheca, 
as it does not attack the berries at all, only running over the leaves with 
its white mycelium, and causing them to fall prematurely. The perithecia, 
which are produced on the leaves, are each provided with from five to 
twenty-two outgrowths, or appendages, a little longer than the diameter of 
the perithecium. Each of these appendages is four to five times branched 
in a dichotomous manner at its apex. This MicrosphcBra occurred side 
by side on the same bough with the Sphcerotlieca in the gardens at 
Ballymena. (For a full description and figures of the Microsphcera 
reference may be made to my " Monograph of the ErysiphacecB " 
[Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club, vol. ix.. New York] ; or to 
the Journal of the Board of Agriculture — "Gooseberry Blight" — for 
September 1897, pp. 202-204, London.) 
Bibliography. 
(1) Halsted, B. D. : The Powdery Mildew of the Gooseberry (Report 
Commissioners Agric. for 1887, pp. 373-380, pi. xi. (Washington, 
1888). 
(2) Goff, E. S. : Exper. in the Treatment of Gooseberry Mildew (Journ. 
of Mycology, v. 1889, pp. 33, 34). 
(3) Close, C. P. : Treatment for Gooseberry Mildew (New York Agric. 
Exper. Stat. Bullet., No. 161, November 1899). 
