268 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
of the details of orchard work. The students did all the digging holes, 
planting, staking, priming, &c. The tree was then three years old. As it 
is in a fenced-off corner of a playing-field, only one stake was given, and 
no wiring was needed, there being no stock allowed there. 
Another planter's mistake is illustrated in fig. 135. It is a home- 
grown tree, planted by a small tenant farmer. The stem is only about 
-1 feet high, and the head has never been pruned. If properly treated it 
would have made a decent half-standard for a garden or plantation, but is 
quite unsuited for orchard work. 
Fig, 136. — A Fine Standard Tkee, securely Fenced. 
A fine specimen standard is shown in fig. 136, which was prepared 
from a photograph taken in an orchard in the occupation of Messrs. 
James Watts, cider merchants, Backwell, Bristol. It is a splendidly 
healthy tree, with a stem nearly 7 feet high, securely fenced. The 
oichard is easily seen from the Great Western Railway, about a mile on 
the Bristol side of Nailsea Station, and forms a good object-lesson. A 
few particulars as to cost, &c., have kindly been supplied by Mr. Watts : — 
Size of orchard : 2a. Ir. 21p., landlord's measure, inclusive of fences. 
Number of trees required : 124, planted 9 yards apart. 
Cost of trees : is. Qd. each, delivered at Backwell. 
