270 JOUKNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Cost of material for fencing, and labour in fixing and planting : 
35'. Qd. per tree. 
The trees and material for fencing were provided by the landlord, 
A. Gibbs, Esq., of Tyntesfield, Bristol, and the labour by Mr. Watts. 
The whole of the trees are of French vintage varieties, selected in 
Normandy by Mr. R. Brown, of Failand, Bristol ; they are very well 
grown, with clean straight stems, and are the best of the varieties used 
by French cider makers. Mr. Watts, being an experienced cider maker, 
will be able in time to test whether his soil and climate are suitable for 
Fig. 139. — Bad Staking and " Thorning." 
these imported trees. So far, it looks as if they are. There may have 
been a slight amount of sentiment about buying "foreigners," but if 
breeders of high- class horses and cattle sometimes strive to improve their 
stock by importing new blood, why should not Apple growers ? I hope 
in a few years to see some of the above varieties established on home- 
grown stocks so as to give them a further test. Fig. 137 shows a part of 
this orchard, but it is impossible to get a really good view into a ^-plate 
camera. Still it shows good laying out and planting. 
While on the question of fencing, fig. 138 shows a capital way of 
utilising old railway sleepers and barrel staves. The photograph was 
taken in Mr. Eldred Walker's orchard. White Hall Farm, Chew Stoke, 
