282 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Better work is given in fig. 153. A well-made cut carefully pared over 
round the rough surface left by the saw. This will heal over in time 
something like the one shown in fig. 154. 
In pruning old trees it is sometimes advisable to have two men at the 
work, one to support the heavy branches while the other does the cutting. 
A good sharp saw must be used, as good work cannot be done without it. 
Very useful sets of tools are supplied by the " Standard " Manufacturing 
Company, with which most of the work can be done from the ground, and 
ladders can be almost dispensed with. The land under well-pruned trees 
Fig. 154.— Bark growing over a good Saw-cut, 
is much more profitable than under the shaded ones, as the herbage is so 
much better. 
Another specimen of bad management is shown in fig. 155, a tree 
pruned last season. This summer all the " brood " (a local name for 
young branches growing in the centre of a tree) was allowed to grow. If 
this goes on, in a few years the last state of the tree will be worse than 
the first. It should have been gone over early in the year, when the 
shoots were about an inch long, when they could have been rubbed off' 
and would not have grown again. They rob a tree as much or more than 
did the old branches which were removed. 
