408 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Bordeaux Oil Emulsion Spray. By C. A. Macrum {Board Hort. Rep. 
Oregon, 1919, p. 82). — Some American authorities recommend no less than ten 
sprayings of orchards every year. To avoid this amount of labour a combined 
Bordeaux oil emulsion spray has been devised. Applied as the buds are opening, 
it will keep in check San Jose scale, aphis, leaf roller, red spider, leaf curl in peaches, 
and anthracnose and Cylindrosporium. 
The mixture is prepared as follows : — Pour 24 lb. of copper sulphate dissolved 
in 24 gallons of water into 150 gallons of water, add milk of lime from 12 lb. 
of lime until the mixture is neutral to litmus paper ; add r| lb. of glue in i| 
gallons of water. Stir up 12 gallons of oil emulsion with a little water and pour 
this with constant stirring into the liquid and make up to 200 gallons with water. 
Use at once. — 5. E. W. 
Brachystelma foetidum Schlechter. By S. A. Skan {Bot. Mag. t. 8817 ; 
Sept. 1919). — Asclepidaceae. Produces a large tuber (which is eaten by the 
natives of the Transvaal, and which is known as *' Hottentot's bread "). It has 
bright red, rather small flowers with a disagreeable odour. — F. J. C. 
Brown Rot in Stone Fruit. By G. P. Darnell Smith {Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 
vol. xxix. pp. 662-663). — Attempts to prevent the spread of brown rot in 
Peaches and Nectarines packed in cases were futile. The disease can only be 
controlled by spraying the dormant fruit-trees with Bordeaux mixture and 
destroying mummied fruit. — S. E. W. 
Bulbophyllum macrobulbum J. J. Im. By R. A. Rolfe {Bot. Mag. t. 8842; 
June 1920). — A New Guinea species at first shown as B. Balfourianum (Journ. 
R.H.S. 41, p. cxxxviii (1916). It calls for tropical treatment, and has large 
flowers in the way of Cymbidium Huttonii, blotched and spotted red and 
orange on a yellow ground. — F. J. C. 
Cabbage Pest {Baridius chlorizans). By L. Billaudelle {Rev. Hort. vol. xcii. 
pp. 162, 163 ; I fig.). — This minute green beetle, about inch long, lays her 
eggs in the axils of the leaves in June. The grubs resemble maggots, are \ inch 
in length. They burrow tunnels in the stems which ultimately leads to the 
destruction of the plant. There is no satisfactory means of destroying this pest 
except collecting and burning the plants attacked. — 5. E. W. 
Cacti, Mucilage in, The Origin and Nature of. By F. E. Lloyd {Amer. 
Jour. Bot. vol. vi. No. 4, April 1919, pp. 156-166). — The mucilage in Opuntia 
originates within and is confined to large cells (mucilage idioplasts) scattered 
throughout the medullary and cortical parenchyma. Their absolute number 
is correlated with the species. The first visibly demonstrable change is from 
cellulose to a hydrocellulose, and this' in turn is converted into mucilage. As 
this hydrates, it swells and compresses the protoplasm toward the middle of 
the cell. The protoplasm remains attached more or less to the pits, giving rise 
to radiating strands extending from the nucleus to the wall layer. The mucilage 
shows lamination which is'^determined by water-content, and this lamination 
was formerly attributed to secondary thickening. The mucilage absorbs certain 
dyes with great vigour. The viscosity of the mucilage is lowered by the absorbed 
dyes, and this is in direct relation to the degree of absorption. 
A short bibliography is appended. — A. B. 
Calanthe tricarinata Lindl. By R. A. Rolfe {Bot. Mag. t. 8803 ; June 1919). 
This orchid was discovered in 181 9 in Nepal and occurs in Yunnan and Japan, 
whence it was introduced. It has rather small flowers, yellowish-green, with 
a red lip. It thrives with C. Masuca. — F. J. C. 
Calyx Worm Control, Dust and the Spray Gun in. By F. Childs {Mth. 
Bull. Dep. Agr., California, 13, Aug. 1920, pp. 331-338). — Deals with the 
control of codling moth and similar calyx larvae by dusting. It is difficult at 
present to obtain suitable sprayers, which must break up the powder into fine 
particles j 275 lb. pressure with a 3I h.p. sprayer produces affair spray with 
two nozzles, and an excellent spray with one. When properly applied, the 
material (lead arsenate powder) should settle on the parts needing protection, 
and will give complete control against calyx worms. — G. F. W. 
Campanula pyraversl. By F. Lesourd {Rev. Hort. vol. xcii. p. 124 ; i fig ; 
I coloured plate). — This hybrid of Campanula pyramidalis and C. versicolor 
is intermediate between its parents as regards foliage, colour, and arrangement 
of flowers. It inherits the prolonged period of flowering of pyramidalis ; the 
flowers are fertile. — 5. E. W. 
