210 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



good condition k have been deeply dug. The Peas like a sunny 

 position. A little soot & lime sprinked around the seedlings keep off 

 slugs. Peas may be transplanted in April. To have a long succession of 

 bloom keep well picked. & do not let seed form. Bushy, twiggy sticks 

 are best to let the peas cling to, rather than straight sticks or canes. 

 Peas shuld be stuck when -1 or 5 inches above ground. 



Carnations are generally raised from cuttings or by layering, the 

 latter being perhaps the surer method where g.ass cannot be used. They 

 may also be raised from seed if planted in a sheltered position in garden 

 during May, Layering is generally done in August. Select suitable 

 shoots k peg these down in a small trench in the soil, add a little sand, 



trim off all the leaves except a few at the top. Half cut through the 

 shoot just below a joint ; see that the cut is kept open. Water a few 

 days after. Cuttings are prepared by taking off shoots & triming off 

 the bottom leaves, cutting shoot obliquely. Plant in boxes in rich soil. 



JJichaehnas Daisies may be raised from seed or by dividing a clump. 

 The cultivation required is to cut down the old stems in winter & every 

 few years take up the clumps, divide & replant in fresh soil. 



Sweet Williams may be raised from seed. They may also be pro- 

 pogated from cuttings or by layering much like Carnations. 



Ques. 12. — A Hardy Annual is a plant that may be raised froru seed 

 out of doors where it blooms & dies the same year as sown. Examples : — 

 Candytuft, Virginia Stock, Mignonette, Shirley Poppy, Sweet Pea, 

 Nasturtium. 



Half Hardy Annuals are those plants which require to be raised in a 

 cold frame or be otherwise protected in its earliest stage of growth t v 

 which may be transplanted to the position out of doors where it blooms 

 l\: dies the same year as raised. Examples Asters, Stocks, Lobelia. 



Hardy Biennial is one which is sown during part of one year to 

 bloom lV- die the following year, e.g. Canterbury Bells. Campanula, 

 Brompton Stock. 



Hardy Herbaceous Perennial refers to plants raised from seed out of 

 doors & which if properly tended will live for years, Le. Sunflower, 

 Michaelmas Daisy. Larkspur, Lupins, Monkshood (Aconite), Delphi- 

 niums. 



Ques. 8. — There are several insect pests which attack Apple trees. 

 The Codlin moth is on the wing during May ,v- June & lay its eggs 

 at the blossom end of the apple. They are hatched in a few days & 

 enter the apple by the eye & make straight for the core upon which they 

 feed. When full fed it emerges and if apple is on the tree it lets itself 



