264 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



BOOKS REVIEWED. 



" The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns (Archego- 

 niatae)." By D. H. Campbell. Second edition. 657 pp. (New York : 

 Macmillan. 1905.) 



Eleven years ago Professor D. H. Campbell published the first edition 

 of his "Mosses and Ferns." That work represented a summary of our 

 knowledge of the comparative structure and development of the Bryophyta 

 and Pteridophyta, and students of this branch of botany found this 

 treatise both valuable and even indispensable. 



Since the issue r of the 1895 edition a mass of information has 

 accumulated, and this has resulted in the production of the present 

 volume. The whole', work has been revised and a good deal of new matter 

 introduced, /including two special chapters on the geological history of the 

 Archegoniates and the significance of the alternation of generations. 

 Besides incorporating' the recent researches of other investigators, the 

 writer adds new work of t his own which is published for the first time. 



An increase of nearly one hundred pages is noticeable in the second 

 edition, and for this the Pteridophyta are mainly responsible. The number 

 of new illustrations is fifty-six. 



The Hepaticae are first dealt with, and receive especially thorough 

 treatment and a liberal allowancelof 140 pages. The Ferns, following the 

 Mosses, are dealt with in 210 pages ; the account of their embryology and 

 development is particularly full, but that of the anatomy is brief. After 

 the Ferns come the Equisetineae, then the Lycopodineae, Isoetaceae, and 

 finally Fossil Archegoniates. One of the most interesting alterations in 

 the second edition is the removal of Isoetes from the Marattiaceae to a 

 position next the Lycopods. 



In the final summary the author concludes " that the Spermatophytes 

 represent not one single line of development, but at least two, and perhaps 

 more, entirely independent ones, having their origin from widely 

 separated stocks. The Gymnosperms (at least the Conifers) are probably 

 direct descendants of some group of Lycopods allied to the Selaginellaceae 

 or Lepidodendraceae, while the origin of the Cycads and Angiosperms is to 

 be looked for among the Eusporangiate Filicineae." 



"Nature and Origin of Living Matter." By Dr. H. C. Bastian. 

 With an Appendix on " De Novo Origin of Bacteria and Medical 

 Science." 8vo., 344 pp. (T. Fisher Unwin, London.) 



This book contains fourteen chapters, the first eight dealing with the 

 phenomena of living matter, evolution, &c, and the present occurrence 

 of archebiosis. Chapters 9-13 contain illustrations of heterogenesis, 

 the last being a Conclusion, with the congruity of the evidence. There 

 are seventy-eight figures of microphotographic illustrations. 



In describing the correlations of vital and physical forces, Dr. Bastian 

 shows that torulce will grow, not only in a solution of ammoniac tartrate 



