NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



325 



statistics show that two- thirds of the damage caused by the codling moth 

 can be prevented by the adoption of arsenical sprays, banding, and other 

 methods of control. An interesting fact is stated, viz. that the intro- 

 duction from Australia of a natural enemy of the white scale, an insect 

 pest which destroyed orange and lemon orchards, has saved millions of 

 money every year. — V. J. M, 



Insects Injurious to Shade Trees, &c. By J. B. Smith 

 (C.S.A. Exp. Stn. New Jersey, Bull. 181, 3, 1905; 21 figs.).— 

 The author points out the disadvantages under which trees in towns 

 suffer, and the probability of insect pests causing more damage to these 

 than to trees growing under more suitable conditions. The various 

 insects attacking the trees usually planted are then separately dealt with. 

 Aphis, leaf-hoppers, scale insects (the cottony Maple Scale, Pulvinaria 

 innumerabilis Rathy ; the Tulip Scale, Lecanium tulipifera Cook; the 

 Mussel Scale, Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche ; the Scurvy Scale, Chionpasis 

 furfums Fitch ; the Bose Scale, Diaspis rosce Bouche ; the San Jose Scale, 

 Aspidiotus pemiciosus Comst., and Pseudococcus aeeris Geoff.), the bark 

 borers, the "Wood Leopard (Zeuzera pyrina Linn.), and the Maple Clear- 

 wing (Sesia acerni Clem.), and the following that attack the leaves, 

 the "White-marked Tussock Moth (Orgyia leucostigma S. & A.), the 

 Bag "Worru [Thyridopteryx ephemera for mis Harr.), the Fall "Web-worm 

 (Hyphantria cunea Drury), the Elm-leaf Beetle (Galerucella hiteola 

 Mull.) j and saw-fly larva? (slug-worms) are all described and figured, and 

 appropriate methods of dealing with them are suggested. The most 

 useful insecticides are Paris green and arsenate of lead for poison 

 sprays against leaf-eating insects, and for contact poisons, fish-oil soap. 

 Formula : — 



Caustic Soda (75 per cent.) . 6 lb. 



Water H gallons. 



Fish oil 22 "lb. 



This makes about 40 lbs. of soap, and it may be used at the rate of 

 1 lb. of soap to seven gallons of water. 



The trees that suffer least from insect and fungal attacks in New 

 Jersey are the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus glanduhsus), the Maidenhair 

 Tree {Ginkgo biloba), and the Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styracifiua), 

 while the Black Locust (Bobinia pscudacacia), and the Honey Locust 

 (Gleditschia triacanthos) are most subject to insect attacks. — F. J. C. 



Iris tectorum, Maxim. By C. D'Ancona (Bull. B. Soc. Tose. Ort. 5, 

 p. 133 ; May 1905). — In the latter part of April and beginning of May 

 1905, the author saw this plant in flower in the Experimental Garden 

 of the E. Societa Toscana di Orticultura ; it is one of the best and 

 most worthy of notice by gardeners and lovers of flowers. It has 

 not been widely appreciated and diffused, although it was first described 

 by Maximowics (Diagn. brev. PL nov. Japan., decas viii. p. 553), and 

 later by Miquel under the name of I. cristata [Prol. p. 305) ; and again 

 it was described, and well figured by chromolithography, by Regel in 

 1872 (Gartenfiora, vol. xxi. p. 65, plate 716). It is not mentioned by the 



