OCT.— DEC. 1856.] of the Southern Division. 101 
The limestones of the district are numerous and of various kinds. 
The lime gravel, or kunker, is widely diffused in the soil, and in 
some places is nearly a pure carbonate of lime ; in other places it 
is mingled with other substances and takes the form and consist- 
ence of concreted limestone or pisolite. These are the kinds used 
for making roads and burning into lime. Travertine or tufa is 
found in stalagmitic concretions in caves and bordering around the 
stems and branches of plants. Tha crystalline limestones are also 
numerous, they are found in nodular masses and large blocks and 
show the crystals of calcsj/ar and the fine granular and compact 
varieties. Some of thesf^ kinds receive a tolerably good polish and 
might, it is thought, be wrought for marble. The minerals found 
imbedded in these stones are the chondrodite, graphite, pyroxene, 
and molybdenum ; and the different locations where they are found 
are Poovandy, Puntelacoodee, Carnapadi, Vitherapadi, in the Tiru- 
mungalum Talook and in a number of other places. In the loca- 
tion at Puntelacoodee the outcrop is some 20 yards in width, six or 
five miles long and of a depth not explored. These masses of 
rocks are nodular in most places, nor does there appear to be any 
regularity of dip in the case of any of them. They lie in wild con- 
fusion in every part of these limits resembling the ruin of a vast 
wall. The stone of the south side of this bed is highly crystalline 
calcspar of a dull whitish colour, while that on the north side is 
finely granular or compact, and of a bright flesh colour. 
Another feature of the district is its iron. This is widely dif- 
fused : it is found in almost every part of the district, either in the 
form of native iron or united with oxide in the form of hcematite, 
of ochre or of octahedral crystals of specular iron and iron sand, 
&c. ; there is the silicate of iron, the carbonate and sulphuret and 
a vast quantity of laterite, but so small quantities are found in any 
one place, except of the silicate and laterite that it has been but 
little wrought. 
The region where gold is sometimes found was visited and the 
sand and rocks of the same, to some extent, examined. The name 
of the place is Pulkanath, 14 miles north of Dindigul just under 
the east end of the Pulney mountains. The gold is found in small 
