156 FLORA OF THE YATLAHS. 



mity. They have no outlets. The centre of the 

 plain is bare and treeless, except near the villages, 

 which are surrounded by walnut-trees, Lombardy 

 poplars, apples, apricots, and pollard willows. 

 Planes are comparatively scarce. In some of the 

 warmer and less elevated yailahs, large oaks and 

 elms are met with, but the forest belt which 

 margins them is commonly of pines. Thickets of 

 Quercus cocci/era, Berberry, and yellow jasmine 

 cover the waste and rocky grounds near their 

 edges. The vine is grown on the plains of Al- 

 malee and Saideleer, and good grapes for 

 eating are produced. Much corn is cultivated 

 on the yailahs. In cultivated grounds the com- 

 mon weeds are Alliaria officinalis, Asperugo pro- 

 cumbens, Sisymbrium Sophia, Malope malacoides, 

 Erysimum officinale, Hypecoum, Lamium mos- 

 chatum, Scandix australis, Centaur ea cyanus, Fu- 

 maria parviflora, and species of Bupleurum. 

 The more characteristic herbs are Geranium 

 tuberosum, Androsace maxima, Scutellaria orientalis 

 Euphorbia rigida, Lithospermum orientale, a yellow 

 Galium, and species of Cerinthe, Onosma, Arethusa, 

 Cynoglossum, Myosotis, and Echinospermum. 

 Many curious forms of Compositor and Cruciferce, 

 also occur. Cruciferce, Boraginece, Compositor, and 



