150 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



into the matter, is valuable as partially elucidating a question that to 

 Londoners at least is of more than passing interest. 



Another excellent paper is that on effects of overthinning and ground 

 moisture upon the growth and value of plantations, in which the prevail- 

 ing tendency to leave the standards too far apart on the ground is clearly 

 put forward. — A. D. W. 



Tree and Wood-infesting insects, Some. ByH. Garman (U.S.A. 

 Exp. Stn. Kentucky, Bull. 120 ; May 1905 ; 3 plates and figs.). — An account 

 of the principal insect pests of trees and wood in Kentucky. The elm 

 leaf-beetle (Galerucella luteola) is a serious pest of the English elm. 

 Banding to catch the mature insect is absolutely useless, but a band placed 

 round the trunk when the larvae are about to descend the tree to pupate 

 in the earth will entice many to form pupae behind it, where they may 

 then be captured and destroyed. Spraying with arsenate of lead has 

 proved very effective. 13096 beetles (larvae, pupae and imagos) were 

 obtained from one tree. Other insects dealt with are a leaf -miner 

 (Lithocolletis hamadryadella) causing considerable damage to the bur oak 

 and Chinquepin oak ; an ally of the scale insects, Eermes pubescens, 

 destructive to the same trees, to be kept under control only by spraying ; the 

 walnut worm (Dartana integer rima) ; the cottonwood leaf-beetle (Lina 

 scripta) ; the poplar leaf -tier (Melalopha inclusa) ; the vagabond gall- 

 louse (Pemphigus vagabundus) forming flat, lobed projecting galls on 

 willows ; the willow leaf-beetle (Lina layponica) ; the willow flea-beetle 

 (Crepidodera lielxines) ; the herald (Scoliopteryx libatrix), the larvae of 

 which feed on willow, &c, one of the few moths which are indigenous 

 both in North America and in Europe ; the willow slug (Pteromis ventralis), 

 &C.—F. J. C. 



Trees of Togoland. By G. Volkens (Not. Konig. Bot. Berlin, 

 Appendix xxii., No 1, pp. 1-32 ; 10 plates).— This list contains the 

 names of many trees which are useful only as fuel. Among the most 

 valuable on account of their hardness are Chlorophora excelsa, Antiasis 

 africana, Ficus umbrosa, Faurea speciosa, Ximenia americana, Xylopia 

 Eminii, Parinarium curatellaefolium, P. subcordatum, Albizzia fastigiata, 

 Acacia arabica, A. Suma, Prosopis oblonga, Piptadenia Kerstingii, 

 Parkia africana, Erythroplocum guineense, Detarium microcarpum, 

 Afzelia africana, Dialium guineense, Distemonanthus Benthamianus, 

 Cassia Sieberiana, Cordyla africana, Ormosia laxiflora, Baphia nitida, or 

 Camwood, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Erythrina senegalensis, Balanites 

 aegyptica, Limonia Wameckei, Khaya senegalensis, Pseudocedrela 

 Kotschyi, Carapa procera, Melia Azedarach, Ekebergia senegalensis, 

 Trichilia emetica, Ma?igifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Spondias 

 lutea, Ericodum Kerstingii, Talsiopsis oliviformis, Zizyphus Jujuba, 

 Thespesia populnea, Cola cordifolia, Ochna Afzelii, Pontadesma 

 Kerstingii, Bhizophora Mangle, Terminalia dictyoneura, Anogeisseus 

 leiocarpa, Syzygium guineense, Peucedanum araliaceum, Butyrosper- 

 mum Parkii, and Malacantha Warneckeana. — S. E. W. 



Tropical Fruits in Covent Garden. By H. F. Macmillan (Gard. 

 Chron., No. 1,148, p. 443, figs. 177-181, and supplement, December 26, 



