A.PRIL — SEPT. 1859.] Copper Plates of Malabar. ']."> 



in meeting vain and frivolous expenses for comedians, songsters, 

 nautch-girls, jesters and such like, and so leaving no means either 

 to maintain an efficient army for the protection of the country, or 

 to secure the services of good and wise and good ministers. More- 

 over, power and dominion are not of man, and whosoever there- 

 fore converts that power into an instrument of sensuality and in- 

 justice, it is a certain truth will be deprived alike of his power 

 and kingdom. 



Amongst the witnesses of this Document, Moorken Chatten and 

 Vuntalacherri Kunden, are no more than the junior heads of the 

 army which then existed, and Chatten is the man's own name, and 

 Moorken is the name of either his father or uncle, or else his 

 family or Turwad name. In like manner Kunden is the name of 

 the other witness, and Vuntalacherri his Turwad or family name, 

 &c. Further, as for the word Vuntalacherri, there is not the least 

 ground to construe its meaning into " Great Tellicherry," a town 

 in the possession of the Koletteeri or Cheruckel Rajah. Besides 

 that personage received that territory and title from one of the 

 Peroomals only in A. D. 307 or 139 years after this Document 

 had been executed. 



Keeyooray Kelluppen of Coonnapooya, the engraver of this Cop- 

 per Document, is no more than a goldsmith who resided in Coon- 

 napooya, a spot situated on the way from Codungalore (Cranga- 

 nore) to Cochin, and where there is a pagoda called Teroo Coon- 

 napooya. It is true that there is a spot called Coonnapooya in the 

 Cooroombranad Talook situated far distant from Codungalore ; but 

 it is therefore improbable that Kelluppen was a resident of that spot. 

 The name Kelluppen is merely a common name amongst the Soo- 

 dras and other castes below them, and Keeyoovay is nothing more 

 than his family or Turwad name, and no other meaning can rea- 

 sonably and correctly be attached to any of these words. 



The personal name of one of the witnesses is not mentioned in 

 this Document but only his Royal title, as was the usual practice 

 formerly and it often is at present of the Malabar Rajahs. That 

 Royal title is <4 Mana Vapala Mana Vceyen" of Eralanad, or now 

 called Emaad. Though this is omitted in the Document No. I , 

 1 here is every probability that this personage received Eralanad 



