NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



261 



which the flowers open ; and he considers that a physiological constant, 

 consisting of the sum of positive temperature units received during the 

 ten months preceding flowering, can be formulated. — F. J. C. 



Fruits, Promising" New. By W. A. Taylor {U.S.A. Dep. Agr., 

 Year Book, 1905, pp. 495-510; 9 plates, coloured). — A number of new 

 fruits suitable for cultivation in U.S.A. are beautifully illustrated 

 and fully described, with notes as to origin and indications of the 

 districts where they are likely to prove useful. Two apples, ' Virginia 

 Beauty' and 'Carson'; one pear, ' Crocker ' = (' Crocker Bartlett ') ; one 

 peach, ' Everbearing ' ; four plums and damsons ; one loquat, ' Eulalia ' ; 

 several pecans, and an avocado, ' Trapp,' are described and figured. 



F. J. C. 



Garden, How to Crop a Small, Profitably. By W. H. Morton 

 (Garden, No. 1800, p. 265 ; May 19, 1906).— November and December are 

 the best months for this purpose, and the work should be carried out with 

 all due reference to the weather. On frosty days the manure required 

 for use may be wheeled on to the land, which should be deeply dug or 

 trenched. If the land be laid up in ridges to remain during the winter, 

 the soil becomes thoroughly friable. 



Full particulars are given of rotation of crops, when to sow and plant, 

 varieties, &c. — E. T. C. 



Grape Berry Moth. By M. V. Slingerland {U.S.A. Exp. Stn. 

 Cornell, Bull. 223 ; November 1904 ; 14 figs.). — There are three insects 

 in America whose larvae cause "wormy" grapes — the grape-seed insect 

 {Evoxysoma vitis), the grape curculio {Craponhis inaequalis), and the 

 subject of the present bulletin {Polychrosis viteana Clemens). The moth 

 has been confused with an insect {Eudemis hotrana) which does similar 

 harm in Europe, but this insect is not native in Europe. The larvae feed 

 on the blossoms and developing fruits of the grape, spin cocoons in the 

 fallen leaves, and turn into pupae therein, hibernating in this form. The 

 moths hatch out about the beginning of June, and the young brood 

 hatched from the eggs laid by these feed on the outside of the berries 

 and flowers, thus affording a vulnerable point of attack. These larvae 

 form cocoons on the leaves and a second brood appears during July and 

 August, and these do the major part of the damage, boring their way 

 into the berries, and thus destroying them. The methods of attacking 

 the pest recommended are as follow^s : (1) Destruction of fallen leaves ; 

 (2) bagging clusters just after fruit is set ; (3) picking the infested berries 

 in August ; (4) destruction of trimmings ; (5) spraying with an arsenical 

 spray (which may be used in conjunction with Bordeaux mixture). 

 Similar methods would doubtless be effective against the Eudemis in this 

 country. The bulletin concludes with comparative notes concerning 

 other species of Polychrosis, with which this may be confused, and upon 

 the red-banded leaf -roller {Eulia triferana) which sometimes works with 

 this moth.— F. J. C. 



Grape-root Worm and Bud Gnat. By M. Y. Slingerland and 

 F. Johnson {U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Cornell, Bull. 224; November 1904; 



