276 



The Plant World. 



development of the forest in this region, is here found in a prac- 

 tically undisturbed condition (Fig. 2). Although described 

 in the bog series, it is found in a great variety of topographic 

 situations. The dominant plants are Alnus incana and Myrica 

 Gale. Rosa nitida is very abundant. Of less importance aie 

 Rhus toxicodendion, Pyius melanocaipa, Viburnum cassinoides, 

 Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, Picea mariana, Aster umbellatus, 

 Iris versicolor, Calamagrostis canadensis, Cornus canadensis, 

 Eriophorum virginicum, Lysimachia terrestris, Carex paupercula 



Fig. 2. Cranberry bog near Markland, showing invasion of black spruce. 



irrigua, Aster junceus, Linnaea borealis, Rubus hispidus, Melam- 

 pyrum lineare, and Ceschampsia caespitosa. 



In the numerous open places throughout this rather exten- 

 sive association, in addition to the ground cover of Sphagnum, 

 are Smilacina trifolia, Carex Oederi pumila, Eriphorum gracile, 

 Carex maritima, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium Oxycoccus, 

 V. macrocarpon, and Emrretrum nigrum. It will be seen that 

 this is merely another phase of the Calamagrostis-Sphagnum 

 association, and that the open places are to be looked upon as 

 remnants of the former vegetation covering. Near the border 

 where springs occur Typha latifolia and Symplocarpus foetidus 

 are abundant. 



