19 



and their upper part is remarkably furrowed and surrounded 

 by numerous spines " like a coronet." All the vesicles are 

 not alike ornamented by the spines, but the spines are always 

 present, sometimes large and at others small. Ellis appears 

 to think that the coronated state of the vesicles, depends on 

 the expulsion of the gem mules ; but this is not always the 

 case. In a specimen before me the gemmules, though ripe 

 are not yet excluded, and the spines not only surround the 

 upper edge of the vesicle, but are scattered over one third of 

 the upper surface. Johnston says, " PalSas asserts that 

 the comparison, as well as the figures of them in Ellis' work 

 are inaccurate, a criticism the truth of which Ellis denies in 

 his subsequent volume on Zoophytes:" many of those 

 ovaries that I have examined are unlike any representation 

 of them I have yet seen, while others closely resemble the 

 figures of Ellis and Johnston. 



SEA OAK CORALLINE! S. Pumila. Cells opposite, 

 approximated, shortly tubular, the top everted with an 

 oblique somewhat rnucronated aperture ; vesicles ovate. 



Corallina pumila repens, minus ramosa. Muscus coral- 

 loides pumilus, denticellis bijugis, Raii Synop., vol. 1, p, 

 37, no. 19. Corallina pumila erecta, ramosior. Muscus 

 coralloides pumilus rarnosus, Raii Synop., vol. 1, p. 37, 

 no. 20, pi. 2, fig. 1. (not good). Sea Oak Coralline, 

 Ellis' Cor., p. 9, pi. 5, fig. a A. Sertularia pumila, Ellis 

 and Solander's Zooph., p. 40, no. 48. Turton's Lin., vol. 

 4, p. 676. Stewart's Elem., vol. 2, p. 441. Templeton in 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 468. Johnston's Brit. Zooph., 

 p. 126, pi. 9, figs. 3 and 4. Dynamena pumila, Lamou- 

 roux's Cor. Flex., p. 179. Fleming's Brit. An., p. 544. 



Hab. About low water mark on the shelving sides of 

 rocks ; common the whole length of the south coast. 



Very common on the shelving sides of rocks and on fuci, 

 especially Fucus serratus, near low water mark. It 

 seems to prefer those rocks which have a southern aspect, 

 though it does not confine itself exclusively to the south 

 side, but seeks for shelter in the crevices and beneath the 

 overhanging weed wherever it can be found, on rocks so 

 situated. It is of a darkish brown colour, rarely exceeding 

 an inch in height, sparingly branched and rooted by creep- 

 ing tubular fibres, from which new poljpidoms rise at 

 irregular intervals. The cells are opposite, and closely 

 approximated; they are bulged at the base, their apertures 

 somewhat contracted and everted ; and each pair is separated 

 from the other by a joint. The vesicles are pear-shaped, 

 with tubular apertures, and are attached to the base of the 



