CONTENTS. 



7 



CHAPTER XIII. — The Portuguese cross the Equator from Guinea to Congo — 

 John II. conceives the idea of a Route by Sea to the Indies — His Artifices to 

 prevent the Interference of other Nations — The Overland Journey of Covillam 

 to India — The Voyage of Bartholomew Diaz — The Doubling of the Tremen- 

 dous Cape — Its Baptism by the King — Injurious Effects of Success upon Por- 

 tuguese Ambition 139 



CHAPTER XIV.— Birth of Christopher Columbus— His Early Life and Educa- 

 tion — His First Voyage — His Marriage — His Maritime Contemplations — He 

 makes Proposals to the Senate of Genoa, the Court of Venice, and the King 

 of Portugal — The Duplicity of the latter — Columbus visits Spain — Juan de 

 Marchena — Columbus repairs to Cordova — His Second Marriage — His Letter 

 to the King — The Junto of Salamanca — Columbus resolves to shake the dust 

 of Spain from his feet — Marchena's Letter to Isabella — The Queen gives 

 Audience to Columbus — The Conditions stipulated by the latter — Isabella 

 accepts the Enterprise, while Ferdinand remains aloof. 148 



CHAPTER XV.— The Port of Palos— The Superstition of its Mariners— The 

 Hand of Satan — A Bird which lifted Vessels to the Clouds — The Pinta and 

 the Nina — The Santa Maria — Capacity of a Spanish Caravel — The three Pin- 

 zons — The Departure — Columbus' Journal — The Helm of the Pinta unshipped 

 — The Variation of the Needle — The Appearance of the Tropical Atlantic — 

 Floating Vegetation — The Sargasso Sea — Alarm and threatened Mutiny of 

 the Sailors — Perplexities of Columbus — Land ! Land ! a False Alarm — Indi- 

 cations of the Vicinity of Land — Murmurs of the Crews — Open Revolt quelled 

 by Columbus — Floating Reeds and Tufts of Grass — Land at last — The Vessels 

 anchor over-night 152. 



CHAPTER XVI. — Discovery of Guanahani — Ceremonies of taking Possession — 

 Exploration of the Neighboring Islands — Search for Gold — Cuba supposed by 

 Columbus to be Japan — The Cannibals — Haiti — Return Homewards — A Storm 

 — An Appeal to the Vh'gin — Arrival at the Azores — Conduct of the Portuguese 

 — Columbus at Lisbon — At Palos — At Barcelona — Columbus' Second Voyage, 

 — Discovery of Guadeloupe, Antigoa, Santa Cruz, Jamaica — Illness of Colum- 

 bus — Terrible Battle between the Spaniards and the Savages — Columbus re- 

 turns to Spain — His Reception by the Queen — His Third Voyage — The Region . 

 of Calms — Discovery of Trinidad and of the Main Land — Assumpcion and 

 Margarita — Columbus in Chains.... 165, 



CHAPTER XVII.— The Failing Health of Columbus— His Fourth Voyage — 

 Martinique, Porto Rico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama — His Search for a 

 Channel across the Isthmus — He predicts an Eclipse of the Moon at Jamaica- 

 — His Return — The Death of Isabella — Columbus Penniless at Valladolid — His 

 Death— His Four Burials— The Injustice of the World towards Columbus- 

 Christopher Pigeon — Amerigo Vespucci — The New World named America — 

 Errors of Modern Historians— The District of Columbia— John Cabot in 

 Labrador — Sebastian Cabot in Hudson's Bay — Vincent Yanez Pinzon at the 

 Mouths of the Amazon 178 



CHAPTER XVIII. — Portuguese Navigation under Emmanuel — Popular Preju- 

 dices — The Lusiad of Camoens — Vasco da Gama — Maps of Africa of the Period 

 — Preparations for an Indian Voyage — Religious Ceremonies — The Departuro 

 — Rendezvous at the Cape Verds — Landing upon the Coast — The Natives — An 

 Invitation to Dinner, and its Consequences — A Storm — Mutiny — The Spectre 

 of the Cape • 190 



