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CHAPTEE VII. 



THE VOYAGE OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN — HE SEES CROCODILES, APES, 



AND VOLCANOES THE VOYAGE OF HIMILCON TO AL-BION THE VOYAGE AND 



IGNOMINIOUS FATE OF SATASPES THE PERSIAN THE VOYAGE OF PYTHEAS 



THE PHOCIAN THE SACRED PROMONTORY A NEW ATMOSPHERE AMBER— " 



RETURN HOME THE VERACITY OF PYTHEAS' NARRATIVE THE EXPEDITION OF 



NEARCHUS THE MACEDONIAN STRANGE PHENOMENA IN THE HEAVENS— THE 



ICTHYOPHAGI HOUSES BUILT OF THE BONES OF WHALES FISH FLOUR A 



BATTLE WITH WHALES- — AN UNEXPECTED MEETING— THE DISTANCE TRAVERSED 



BY NEARCHUS THE VOYAGE OF EUDOXUS ALONG THE AFRICAN COAST STATE 



OF NAVIGATION AT THE OPENING OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. 



At a period which it is no longer possible to settle with pre- 

 cision, but certainly anterior to the fifth century B.C., the 

 Carthaginians, then in the height of their maritime and com- 

 mercial prosperity, ordered a navigator by the name of Hanno 

 to make a voyage beyond the Pillars of Hercules, and to found 

 cities along the western shore of Africa. He set sail with a 

 fleet of sixty vessels, each of which was impelled by fifty oars. 

 He carried with him thirty thousand men and women, with abun- 

 dant supplies and provisions. Within a week after passing the 

 straits, they founded a city and erected a temple to Neptune ; they 

 also established five trading stations along the coast. They saw 

 a race of people called Lixitse, with whom they formed ties of 

 friendship, and by whom they were furnished with interpreters. 

 Continuing their course, they found another race dressed in the 

 skins of wild beasts, who repelled them from the shore with 

 stones and other missiles. They next came to the mouth of 

 a river which was filled with crocodiles and hippopotami. They 



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