KNOWLBURY BASIN. 



115 



the beds converged towards the interior of the basin. In the most depressed or central 

 part, termed locally the cc reen", the strata necessarily lie in more horizontal positions. 

 The four principal beds of coal have been regularly worked, and they were all passed 

 through in the adit. The overlying measures will, however, be best understood by 

 consulting the following section made in sinking a shaft 220 yards deep, at the new pit, 

 or nearly in the " reen", or centre of the basin . 



Yds. Ft. In. 



I. Soil 2 1 0 



II. Soft yellow sandy rock 5 0 0 



III. Blue Pinny ironstone measure, for- 



merly worked ,. 0 2 0 



IV. Flam (impure coal) 0 0 9 



V. Tough clod 0 0 3 



VI. Brown rock sandstone (No. 1.) 5 0 0 



VII. Clunch 9 0 0 



VIII. Brown rock sandstone (No. 2.) 3 0 0 



IX. Strong bind 7 2 0 



X. White rock sandstone 17 0 0 



XI. Clunch 12 0 0 



XII. Ironstone measures (small concretions 



of ironstone) 1 2 0 



XIII. Thick cloddy flam, or carbonaceous 



shale 2 0 6 



XIV. Strong clunch, alternating with grey 



rock, and containing coal plants ... 27 1 0 



XV. Light grey rock 5 2 0 



XVI. Bind 4 1 0 



XVII. Measures, with large nodules of poor 



ironstone 110 



XVIII. Flam (impure coal) 0 16 



XIX. Hard white quartzose sandstone 13 0 0 



XX. Brown clunch 2 2 0 



XXI. White rock (sandstone) 5 0 0 



XXII. White clunch 3 1 0 



XXIII. White rock 4 2 0 



133 2 0 



Yds. Ft. In. 



Brought forward 133 2 0 



XXIV. Bind 3 0 0 



XXV. Hard white rock 14 0 0 



XXVI. Hard brown clunch 10 1 6 



XXVII. Great coal rock 13 1 0 



XXVIII. Hard bind 5 0 0 



XXIX. Soft bind 3 0 0 



XXX. Stone measure and Great coal roof 



(plants abundant) 2 0 0 



XXXI. Great Coal 2 1 0 



XXXII. Three-quarter t Ironstone measure 10 6 



XXXIII. Three-quarter Coal 0 2 9 



XXXIV. Clumper ; a hard black bind, with 



ironstone concretions 3 10 



XXXV. Smith Coal 12 0 



XXXVI. White earth 2 0 6 



XXXVII. Clunch 1 0 6 



XXXVIII. Half-way flam 0 0 8 



XXXIX. Four-feet coal rock 3 1 0 



XL. Bind 12 0 



XLI. Four-feet coal roof 0 16 



XLII. Four-feet Coal 10 6 



XLIII. Poundstone 0 16 



XLIV. Flam 0 0 7 



XLV. Hard white rock 12 2 0 



XL VI. Clunch, mottled red and white ...2 10 

 XLVIL Hard white rock 0 0 6 



220 0 0 



Of the two courses of ironstone now worked, that above the three-quarter coal makes 

 the toughest iron, but the concretions in the " clumper " are richer in quality and have 

 an average thickness of about two feet. Impressions of plants abound in the " Great 

 Coal" Shale, and are also very abundant in the shale of the Gutter-coal 1 ; but the most 

 beautiful specimens occur in the nodules or concretions of ironstone, the vegetable 



1 Mr. Lewis, the proprietor of these coal works, is of opinion that the Gutter-coal is a bed distinct from any 

 of those given in the above list. As, however, the section afforded by the adit fairly laid open the whole 

 structure of the field from its base, it is most probable that this Gutter- coal is nothing more than the expan- 

 sion of one of the lower "flams", or bands of impure coal of the Knowlbury field. Such changes are common 

 in all coal-fields. 



