SILURIAN CORALS. 



689 



f. 6 b the first indications of the star ; f. 6 c the formations of the stars considerably advanced ; 

 and f. 6 d the perfectly complete stars. In some instances there are only three young stars, 

 (f. 6e, 6f), and in others only two (upper part of f. 6). Fig. 6 a, &c. are from the same 

 specimen . 



Formation and locality in England. Wenlock Limestone, Dudley. 



Foreign localities and authorities. Eifel, Bensberg, Winterberge near Grund, Finland, 

 Schlotheim ; Gothland, Fougt ; Namur, Goldfuss ; between Colonster and the Chausse'e de 

 Beaufays, Hucergne, Province of Liege, Dumont. 

 Caryophyllia, Lamarck. 



Caryophyllia flexuosa (Lamarck), PI. 16 f. 1, la, 7b nat. size. 



Syn. and Ref. Madrepora, Fougt, 1745 ; Linn. Anicen. Acad., t. i. p. 199. fig. 13. n. 5. 1749. 

 Madrepora flexuosa, Linn. 10th Edit. t. i. p. 796. 1758; Gmelin,p. 3770; Esper. Petreficata, 

 Tab. VI. 1791. 



Caryophyllia flexuosa, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert. 1st Edit. t. 2. p. 227 ; Steininger, 1831, 

 Mem. Soc. Geol. France, t. 1. p. 342. 1834; Milne Edwards, 2nd Edit. Lamarck, t. 2. p. 352. 

 1836. 



In the two edit, of Lamarck, though the coral is not stated to be fossil, Fougt's figure is 

 referred to. Some confusion has arisen from fossils of different formations, and a recent 

 species, having been assigned to Linnseus's Madrepora flexuosa. In the 10th edit, of the 

 Systema Naturae, and in that of Gmelin, the Madrepora flexuosa is confined to the fossil found 

 on the shores of the Baltic, and figured in the Amcenitates Academicae. Subsequent authors have, 

 however, associated with it a recent coral ; and a fossil found in the mountain limestone was 

 called by Parkinson first Madrepora and afterwards Caryophyllia flexuosa (Org. Rem., t.2.p.51. 

 Outlines, p. 73.)* But it apparently belongs to a different genus. It is proposed to confine 

 Linnaeus's original specific name to the coral which occurs in the Silurian or equivalent strata, 

 and which possesses the generic character of Caryophyllia as limited by Ehrenberg ; " Stellas 

 palliique divisione perfecta, dichotoma." This character is shown in the section represented 

 in f. 7 «• At the line of subdivision there is generally an inequality in the external surface, 

 but the same longitudinal striae may be traced continuously from the undivided stem to the 

 divided branches. 



Formation and locality in England. Wenlock Shale, Malvern. 

 Foreign localities and authorities. Shores of the Baltic, Fougt ; Eifel, Steininger. 

 Acervularia, Schweigger. 



Acervularia Baltica (Schweigger), PI. 16 f. 8, 8 a to 8e, — 8, 8 a upper and under surface, 8 b 

 vertical section, 8 c to 8 e varieties, all nat. size. 



Syn. and Ref. Madrepora, Fougt, 1745, Linn. Amcen. Acad., t. 1. p. 195. fig. 9. 1749. 

 Madrepora ananas, Linn. 10th Edit., p. 797. 1758; Gmelin, p. 3764. 

 Acervularia Baltica, Schweigger, Beobach. VI. 1819. 



Astrea (Favastrea) Baltica, De Blainville, Man. d'Actinologie, p. 375. 1834. 



It is presumed that this is the fossil represented by Fougt, though he does not allude in his 

 description to the elevated ridges, which give an apparent boundary to the stars. This cha- 

 racter, however, is much stronger in some specimens than in others (f. 8 c to 8 e). Internally 

 the fossil exhibits the union of the stars mentioned by Fougt, "a latere invicem coagmentata et 

 quasi conglutinata." (f. 8 b.) The increase or reproduction was not by a natural subdivision 

 of the animal, and therefore this fossil does not belong to the Astrea of Ehrenberg. In general 



