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DESCRIPTION OF THE SECTIONS. 



PLATE 36. 



(Abberley and Malvern Hills, Valley of Woolhope, May Hill, Tortworth, Usk and Chepstow.) 



Figs. 1, 2, 3 & 4 are transverse sections of the Abberley Hills, to show the manner in which the 

 coal measures, Old Red Sandstone, and Silurian Rocks are dislocated and thrown into reversed 

 positions along this axis of trappean elevation. 



Fig. 1. Traverse of the Abberley Hills at the Hundred House, showing vertical and disjointed 

 masses of Old Red Sandstone, Ludlow Rocks, and Wenlock Limestone to the west of the axis 

 of trap. To the east is the New Red Sandstone of the Vale of Worcester. To the north-west 

 is the coal of Abberley, being a portion of the carboniferous tract of the Forest of Wyre, the 

 beds of which have the appearance of dipping under the Silurian Rocks. See pp. 135, 409, 

 420 et seq. 



Fig. 2. Traverse on the south side of the Tenbury road, to show the trap protruding in a cone, 

 and the Ludlow Rocks in a reversed position, the Old Red Sandstone underlying them and 

 the coal measures in disjointed patches. See pp. 135, 409, 420 et seq. 



Fig. 3. Traverse across the prominent mass of trap of the Abberley ridge, called Woodbury Hill, 

 still further explaining how the Ludlow Rocks have been placed in an inverted position by the 

 eruption of volcanic matter. Another mass of trap (syenitic greenstone) appears at Brockhill 

 on the Teme, cutting through the Old Red Sandstone. The cornstone formation of the Old 

 Red is well developed on the right bank of the Teme, and an overlying and elevated patch of 

 coal lies on the western flank of Woodbury Hill. See pp. 135, 409, 420 et seq. 



Fig. 4. Fourth traverse across the Abberley Hills near their southern end (north of Martley), 

 where the trap disappearing from the surface, the Ludlow and Wenlock formations are ex- 

 posed in a more completely reversed position than in any of the previous sections, namely, at 

 angles of 40° and 45° beyond vertically the Ludlow Rocks distinctly dipping under the Wen- 

 lock Limestone, the latter being much fractured. See pp. 409, 421 et seq. 



Fig. 5. Silurian Rocks occupying the ridge which connects the Abberley and Malvern Hills, con- 

 sisting of a dome of Caradoc Sandstone in Old Storridge Hill, overlaid conformably by the 

 Wenlock and Ludlow formations, the whole passing beneath the Old Red Sandstone. In this 

 section all these formations have regained their regular positions. To the east the Caradoc Sand- 

 stone is flanked unconformably by the New Red Sandstone, the conglomerates of which appear 

 to have been partially upheaved and dislocated. See pp. 52, 415, 422. 



.Fig. 6. Transverse section of the same ridge, south of f. 5., showing a similar and unbroken ascend- 

 ing succession from the Caradoc Sandstone of Cowley Park to the Old Red Sandstone of 

 Cradley, Herefordshire. A boss of syenite, the northern prolongation of the Malvern Hills, 

 is flanked by Caradoc Sandstone on the west, and impure limestones, probably the upper band 

 of that formation, on the east. See pp. 411, 415. 



Fig. 7» Across the syenitic ridge of the Malverns, at North Hill, from the New Red Sandstone of 

 Worcestershire to the Old Red Sandstone of Herefordshire. The Silurian strata in immediate 

 contact with the syenite (near Mathon Lodge), are bent back and reversed, while in receding 

 from the intrusive rock, the beds resume their natural positions. The New Red Sandstone 

 of Great Malvern is partially dislocated on the edge of the syenite, and inclined at 30°. See 

 pp.52, 183, 411, 415, 423. 



Fig. 8. Great transverse section of the Malvern and Ledbury Hills, showing how the outburst of 



