Feb. i89i.] THE BRITISH NATURALIST. 



21 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



C. A. Westerlund. Fauna der in der Paladrctischen Region, lehenden 

 Bijtnenconchylien, Vols. I -VII., and Suppl., 1884-1890. This great 

 descriptive work contains an account of all the species, and most of 

 the varieties, of land and fresh-water mollusca occurring in the Euro- 

 pean region, of course including the British Islands. Although we 

 should be very little disposed to admit so many species as Dr. Wester- 

 lund, or in other respects to follow him entirely, there can be no 

 question that his elaborate w^ork is of the greatest value, and, on the 

 whole, quite the best book of reference for the inland mollusca of 

 Europe. A good deal of adverse and perfectly just criticism as to detail 

 is possible, as with Tryon's still larger work ; but it is only fair to re- 

 member that works of this cheracter can never be more than approxi- 

 mately perfect, because the material from which they are of necessity 

 built is in itself largely faulty or imperfect. There are many changes 

 from the nomenclature usually employed in this country throughout 

 the work, and it will be useful to consider these in some detail : — 



Hyalina. — The generic name is more correctly written Hyalinia, 

 Agass. Ferussac described no genus Hyalina. H. cellaria, var. coiii- 

 planata, is referred to the type, and var. compacta is a synonym of var. 

 silvatica, Morch. H. stcechadica , Bourg., is a supposed species found 

 in France and Jersey. H. niteiis, Mich., is kept as a good species. 

 H. vadiatida becomes a synonym of//, haniuioiiis, Strom,, with viridula, 

 Menke, as a variety, or rather form. H. fulva, var. niovtoni, appears 

 as a species, C. mortoni (Da Costa), Jeff. 



Helix. — The true Helix ueinoralis of Linne is said to be really H. 

 hortensis, Miill. ; but the Linnean name is dropped, and we get H. 

 nemoralis, Miill. (non L.) and H . liortensis, Miill., the names as before. 

 This, however, does not accord with strict priority. Under H. arhust- 

 onim a paper by Dr. Servain is quoted, in which the varieties alpicola, 

 Fer. (= alpestris), feroeli, Bourg. (= conoidea), repellini, and trochoidalis, 

 appear as species ; but of course it is to be remembered that Dr. 

 Servain's " species " are mostly what we should consider varieties. 

 The var. canigonensis, Boubee, which has recently been recorded as 

 British, is also called a species. H. carfnsiaiia, var. nifilabris, is said 

 to be the same as carthusianella , Drap. In the T rich in group we get 

 some innovations. Two supposed species are quoted from our islands : 

 H. abludejis, Locard (Jersey, Ireland, France), and H. strioiata, C. Pfr. 



