146 



THE BRITISH NATURALIST. 



July 



particularly give our attention to a few of those only found at this 

 time. 



If we examine the Maple trees we shall now find some of the 

 leaves rolled up from the tip to about half of the leaf, on opening 

 w^hich a pale green larva with brovvn head will be observed ; this is 

 the larva of Grac. seiiiifasciella. On the neighbouring ash trees some 

 of the shoots will be found drawn together and the leaves partly eaten 

 away, if on carefully picking off the shoot we find an extremely 

 lively bright green larva with dark dorsal line, it would be the larva 

 of Zell. hepariella, they must be taken very carefully for they drop to 

 the ground directly the shoot is touched ; when full grown they spin 

 up among the leaves, making pure white cocoons, the imago ap- 

 pearing towards the end of the month. 



The red berried bryony {Bryonia dioica) growing in such luxuriance 

 all over the adjoining hedge, next claims our attention, for the shoots 

 are drawn together into a ball by the larva of P. vugosafia, these larva 

 spin hard boat shaped cocoons, not changing to the pupa till the 

 following spring. On some of the leaves of the hawthorn over which 

 the bryony is growing we cannot fail to observe the very curious cases 

 of Col. siccifoliella, which are easily detected by the brownish blotches 

 on the leaves. The case of this species is the most interesting of all 

 this large family of case making larva, and is formed by the larva 

 cutting oft four or five times as much of the leaf as is required for its 

 case, folding one edge over and lining it with silk for its habitation, 

 the other part remains extended, which, when dry, exactly resembles 

 a withered leaf ; when full fed they fix their cases to the stems firmly, 

 changing to pupa in the spring. We shall also notice some of the 

 leaves of the hawthorn have the edges turned over into a sort of 

 cone, on opening some of these the pale greenish larva of Ornix 

 anglicella will be seen busy gnawdng the leaf, many of these cones will 

 be found empty, for the larva after eating out the inner side of one 

 cone leaves it, and constructs another. While looking for these cones 

 we shall probably notice other leaves which have silken threads drawn 

 across the upper surface, causing the leaf to contract slightly, and 

 underneath an open web a little lower will be seen a slender lively 

 larva, attenuated to each end, yellowish, with reddish brown subdorsal 

 lines, and brown head, this would be the larva of Swam, pyvella. On 

 the neighbouring birches feeding in exactly the the same manner, the 



