2l8 



THE BRITISH NATURALIST. [October 



The Maple {Acer campestris) have some of the leaves turned down 

 at this time by the larva of Lith. acerifoliella, {sylvella), and the large 

 mine of L. cavella may now be observed in the leaves of the birch. 

 Towards the end of the month we must look for the larvae of L. 

 stettinella ; these larvae mine the upper sides of the leaves of Alder 

 near the midrib, and are generally found in the terminal and subter- 

 minal leaves; another species L. alnifoliella, mines the leaves on the 

 underside. The fruit of the alder also should now be examined for 

 the larva of 6\ pedella, they feed inside the hard fruit, and are detected 

 by a slight discoloration and a little frass between the scales. The 

 leaves of the dwarf sallow {Salix repens) which is found growing on 

 heaths and commons are now being mined by the larva of L. quin- 

 queguttella, they mine the whole of the leaf, which appears just 

 sufficient till they are full grown. Towards the end of the month is 

 the best time to search under oak trees for the leaves mined by the 

 larvae of L. liortella, roborella, amoytella and heegeriella, the mine of the 

 last named species is rather large and not puckered, all these species 

 feed in the leaves of the upper branches, and are not to be obtained 

 till the leaves fall. L. lantella is another species, which should be 

 searched for at the same time. These larvae are only found mining 

 the leaves of the twigs growing from the base of the trunks of oak 

 trees, or young saplings, they are seldom found above two feet from 

 the ground, they form a very long narrow mine more than half the 

 length of the leaf and three or four larvae are occasionally to be seen 

 mining one leaf, causing it to assume a twisted and distorted 

 appearance. 



The discoloured hips of the wild rose should now be gathered, for 

 many of them contain the larva of vS. vosetecolana. The fruit of the 

 sloe and plums should not be forgotten for many of them contain the 

 larva of C. funebvana, the leaves of the bramble growing under the 

 shelter of hedges have some of the leaves very conspicuously bleached 

 at this time by the larvae of 5. mavginea (emyella); the seed heads of 

 the wood rush (Luzula pilosa ) should now be examined for the larva 

 in their cases of C. murinipennella ; those plants to be found growing 

 on heaths I have generally found most productive. The case bearing 

 larva of Col. potentillcs may now be found bleaching the leaves of the 

 Potentilla torinentilla that is found growing under the shelter of furze 

 bushes. 



