484 



Messrs. Carpenter, Jeffreys, and Thomson [Nov. 18, 



The average of 30 analyses of Surface-waters made during the Ex- 

 pedition gave the following proportions : — 



Percentage. Proportion. 



Oxygen 25*046 100 



Nitrogen 54-211 216 



Carbonic acid 20743 80 



100-000 



These were thus distributed over the three Cruises, and the maxima and 

 minima of each constituent are thus shown. 





- - 

 |i 



Average per- 

 centage. 



Average 

 proportion. 



Oxygen. 



Nitrogen. 



Carbonic 

 acid 



Oxy- 

 gen. 



Nitro- 

 gen. 



Car- 

 bonic 

 acid. 



0. 



N. 



_ 



co 2 



Max. 

 per 

 cent 



Min. 

 per 



cent. 



Max. Min. 

 per per 

 cent. cent. 



Max. 

 per 

 cent. 



Min. 

 per 

 cent. 





19 



2447 



52'95 



22-58 



_ 



100 



216 



92 



28 78 



i960 



62-95 46-35 



320 



12/2 





2 



3T33 



5485 



13-82 



100 



ITS 



44 



3/- 10 



25-56 



59 - 63 50-07 



24-37 



3-27 





9 



24-86 



56-73 



1S-41 



100 



228 



74 



45-28 



13'98 



63-67 41 42 



2/-14 



5-64 



It is interesting to remark that Surface-water contains a greater quan- 

 tity of Oxygen and a less quantity of Carbonic acid during the prevalence 

 of strong wind, 

 such conditions 



The following is an average of 5 analyses made under 



Percent. Proportion. 



gen 29-10 100 



jen 52-87 182 



Carbonic acid . . 18-03 62 



General average. 

 25 046 100 

 54-211 216 

 20-743 83 



In the two cases which presented the remarkable small minima of Car- 

 bonic acid with a great excess of Oxygen, the water had been accidentally 

 taken from immediately abaft the paddles, where it had been subject to 

 violent agitation in contact with air. 



Of water at various depths beneath the surface, 59 analyses were made. 

 Those in the First cruise, 26 in number, were chiefly from Bottom- 

 water at depths from 25 to 1476 fathoms. In the Second cruise the 

 21 analyses chiefly belonged to two Series, — the first of samples taken 

 at intervals of 250 fathoms, from 2090 to 250 fathoms, inclusive ; and the 

 second of samples taken at intervals of 50 fathoms from 862 to 400 fathoms 

 inclusive. In the Third cruise 12 analyses were made, — 8 of Bottom-water, 

 of which one-half were in the " cold area," and 4 at Intermediate depths. 



The general average of the 59 analyses of water taken below the surface 

 gives : — 



Oxygen 20*568 100 



Nitrogen 52-240 254 



Carbonic acid 27*192 132 



100 000 



