1894.] 



THE BRITISH NATURALIST. 



239 



Fumea, Talaeporia, and Solenobia are also wingless ; as is also the 

 female of Acentropus latipennis. 



In Trichoptera the female of the terrestrial Enoicyla pusilla is 

 wingless. 



In Diptera the females of Tipula pagana and Clunio marinus have 

 short undeveloped wings. 



In Coleoptera, the females of Drilus flavescens and Lampyris 

 noctiluca are entirely without elytra or wings. 



In Orthoptera the females of Blatta are wingless. 



In Hymenoptera we find many wingless females, especially amongst 

 certain genera of the Ichneumonidae, as Pezomachus and allies, in the 

 Chalcididae, Proctrotrupidae, and Mutillidae ; whilst the neuters of all 

 the Heterogyna or ants are also wingless. The neuters of the ants 

 are also much smaller than the males and females, and of different 

 colour. The sexes of Myrmosa and Methoca are entirely different in 

 form and colour, whilst the sexes of Mutilla closely resemble each 

 other in these respects. Indeed those of Methoca are so different 

 that Latreille described them as different genera and species, the male 

 under the names of Tengyria sanvitale, the female under the names of 

 Methoca ichneumonides, placing them far asunder. 



Both sexes of Pezomachus gracilis and others are wingless, but the 

 males of P. acarorum, P. costatus, and a few others have fully developed 

 wings. 



In the Proctrotrupidae, the red wingless Myrmecomorphus 

 rufescens is now considered to be the female of the black winged 

 Embolemus ruddii, and the wingless Oxylabris brachyptera to be the 

 female of the winged Oxylabris erythropyga. 



In the Chalcididae the males of Eupelmus degeeri, Eucyrtus hemip- 

 terus, and Eucyrtus lindus are winged, and the females wingless. 



Now we come to the order Hemiptera. In it we find a great difference 

 between the sexes of the genera Microphysa and Myrmedobia ; the males 

 have fully developed wings, the females are wingless. A good many 

 species of this order have the wings undeveloped in both sexes, but 

 occasionally they are developed. 



In Homoptera the females of the curious genus Dorthesia are 

 wingless, as are many females of the Aphides. In Delphax and a few 

 other genera the wings are often undeveloped in both sexes. 



The females of Coccus, a genus of the Homoptera, are also without 

 wings. The males are fully developed, with tails like a May Fly, and 

 of a white colour. 



Females without either wings or legs.— The females of Psyche, a 

 genus of the Lepidoptera, are yellow grub-looking creatures with 

 neither wings, legs, nor antennae, never emerging from the case. The- 

 black males are fully developed, and are most active creatures. 



