i8g 4 ] 



THE BRITISH NATURALIST. 



2 43 



Mr. A. Hall, about twenty species of Rhopalocera from Japan, identical, or almost 

 indentical, with British species, including Papilio Machaon, L., Leacophasia sinapis, L., 

 Gonopteryx rhamni, L., &c. 



Mr. T. W. Hall, a long series of Melanippe fluctuata, L., from Perth, one being 

 ochreous, many dark, and several were var. ncapolisata. 



Mr. Adkin, Zygana exulans, Hoch., from Braemar ; Sesia scoliiformis, Bork., from 

 Rannoch ; light and. dark forms of Abraxas gtossulanata , L., and grey forms of 

 Melanippe fluctuata, L., from Aberdeen; and on behalf of Mr. R. A. Adkin, the 

 following mollusca from Eastbourne : Helix aspersa, Mull., H. ericetonim, Mull., an un- 

 usually large H. virgata, Da Cos., and H. caperata, Mont., the three former species 

 having abnormally high spires. 



Mr. Perks, a photograph of the Fox Shark (Alopecias vulpes), recently captared off 

 the Devon coast. 



Mr. West (Greenwich), on behalf of Mr. Tugwell, a large number of Zygceua exulans, 

 Hoch., taken this year at Braemar, with cocoons in situ on Crowberry. 



Mr. Tutt mads some very interesting remarks on the different climatal conditions which 

 the same species of Lepidoptera experienced in the High Alps and in our own country, 

 and noted various modifications of habits resulting therefrom.— Hv. J. Turner, Hon. 

 Report Secretary. 



THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INSTINCTS. 



BY A. J. JOLLEY. 



It may plausibly be urged that a definition of social instincts must 

 precede any profitable discussion of their development. No one, how- 

 ever, who has given any serious attention to mental phenomena will 

 dispute that against such a plausible objection must be set the im- 

 possibility of defining with accuracy, precision and completeness any 

 of the instincts of any species of animal. 



It would seem not unfair to group as social instincts any of those 

 mental habits or tendencies which, consciously or unconsciously, at 

 whatever cost to individuals, foster sociality within a species. But just 

 as individuals necessarily precede those groups of individuals which 

 we call societies, so those higher instincts which we call social have 

 been preceded by others, and a discussion of the development of social 

 instincts must take account of those earlier forms of consciousness or 

 sub-consciousness out of which social instincts have arisen. 



Mere aggregations of individuals do not necessarily constitute 

 ocieties, though such aggregations may form one of the kinds of raw 

 material out of which natural selection can manufacture societies 

 roperly so called. 



Again, a family does not properly constitute a society, though the 

 amily also may give rise to a larger group, and the instincts which 

 oster the preservation of such a larger group may properly be called 

 ocial, though their origin and development can only be understood by 



