1894] 



THE BRITISH NATURALIST. 



261 



Forceps. — Both sexes of the Frefrinlidaeand the Odonata possess forceps 

 at the end of the abdomen ; those of the males are stouter and stronger 

 than those of the females. The males of Panorpa have a curious flex- 

 ible appendage, furnished with forceps, at the end of the abdomen. 



Postscript. — The males of the Corcidae are furnished with two long 

 filament tails at the end of the abdomen, but in the Ephemeridae both 

 sexes have them. 



XL — Disparity of Light. 



I should think the light emitted by the glow-worm is known to 

 everybody, but perhaps it is not known to all that it is the female of a 

 beetle, Lampyris noctiluca, the male of which is winged, and flies to 

 lighted candles and lamps. It also emits a light, but to a much less 

 degree than the female. Two others of our British beetles emit a feeble 

 light — namely, Phosphaenus Hemipterus and Staphylinus erythropterus. 



In Britain, unfortunately, we have no representative of Lantern 

 Flies, species of Fulgora, a genus of the Homoptera. So I think this 

 is a fit place to bring my essay to an end ; remarking first, that the 

 great disparity between the sexes of some species led the fathers of our 

 Science to describe them as distinct. Secondly, that Linnaeus and 

 Fabricius are the fathers of our Science ; and Hubner and Haworth 

 especially of the order Lepidoptera. 



I think a few examples will be sufficient to illustrate my meaning : 



1. Satyrus justina of Linnaeus is the female of Janira of Linnaeus. 



2. Lithosia deplana of Fabricius is the female of guadea of Linnaeus. 



3. Lithosia depressa of Esper is the female of deplana of Esper. 



4. Bombyx pannio of Linnaeus is the female of russula of Linnaeus. 



5. Limacodes bufo Fabricius is the female of testudo of Linnaeus. 



6. Hepialus jodutta of Haworth is the female of Hectus of Linnaeus. 



7. Fidonia tiliaria of Linnaeus is the female of piniaria of Linnaeus. 



8 . Camptogramma gemmata of Hubner is the female of fluviata of Hubner . 



9. Hybernia incompletaria of Haworth is the female of aurantiaria of 



Linnaeus. 



10. Anisopterex opteraria of Haworth is the female of aescularia of the 



Vienna Catalogue. 



11. Taetricodestortricellaof Hubner is the female of hyemana of Hubner. 



1 2 . Diurnea no vembris of Haworth is the female of phryganella of Hubner. 



1 3 . Xymastodona atrella of Stephens is the female of melanella of Haworth. 



14. Teugyria sanvitale of Latreille is the male of Methoca ichneu- 



monoider of Latreille. 



15. Myrmecomorphus rufescens of Westwood is the female of Em- 



bolemus Ruddii of Westwood. 



16. Cochleortonus vorax of Sodffsky is the female of 'Drilus flavescens 



of Oliver. 



17. Statiphagalutaria of Fabricius is the female of stercorariaof Linnaeus. 



