170 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



<era), the Pearl-bordered and the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries (Argynnis 

 euphrosyne and selene), the Green Hair-streak (Thecla ruii), the Azure-blue 

 (Polyommatus argiolus), the Brown Argus (P. medon), the Grizzled Skipper 

 (Syricthus malvte), and the Dingy Skipper (Thanaos tages) emerge this month. 

 Imagos of the Speckled Wood (Satyrus cegeria) , and the Gatekeeper or Large 

 Heath butterflies (S, tithonus) also come out in August ; and beside these 

 the Grayling (Satyrus semele), the Meadow Brown (S.janira), the Purple 

 Hair-streak (Thecla quercus), and the Small Copper (Lyccena phlceas) , may be 

 seen throughout this month. The last-named indeed keeps out until the 

 middle of Autumn. 



Even this does not exhaust the list of the August butterflies, for besides 

 the above, the Painted Lady (Pyrameis cardui), the Large Tortoise-shell 

 (Vanessa polychloros) , the Comma (Vanessa C .-album), the Silver-washed 

 Eritillary (Argynnis paphia), and the Chalk Hill Blue (Polyommatus corydon), 

 which came out in J uly are visible all through this month, and then as we 

 draw near to September, the Clouded Yellow and the Marbled White butter- 

 flies (Colias edusa and Arge galathea) begin to make their appearance. 



The continental striped Hawk-moth (Deilephila livornica) is very rarely 

 captured in England in August, and perhaps can hardly be considered a true 

 British species. Entomologists, however, living on the South coast will do 

 well to look out for a stray specimen. It may be distinguished from the 

 Bed straw Hawk-moth (B. galii) by its whitish veins. 



The rare Pigmy footman (Lithosia pygmceola) occurs in August on the 

 sea coast near Deal, and the Eound Winged Muslin (Nudaria senex), the 

 Brown, and Gold-tail moths (Liparis chrysorrhoea and auriflua) and the 

 pale reddish brown, rather dingy, Grass eggar (Bombyx trifolii) are other 

 moths appearing now. 



The second brood of the Purple Thorn (Selenia illustraria) comes out in 

 August, and should be looked for in woods. Inasmuch as the moths which 

 make their appearance now are smaller and paler than the earliest ones, 

 Staudinger has distinguished them by the name Aestiva. Besides illustraria 

 we may find Ennomos erosaria and angularia in woods in August, and at 

 the end of the month E. tiliaria. This last named species and erosaria are 

 about the same size, but the canary-shouldered Thorn is of a deep yellow 

 colour with the fore wings dotted with fuscous, and two curved nearly 

 parallel lines across them, while the "September Thorn" is ochreous 

 coloured with the two lines approaching each other instead of being parallel as 

 in tiliaria. Angularia is commoner than the other two, and we may some- 

 times meet with it in gardens where lilac grows. It is ochreous in colour, but 

 rather reddish-looking. The first of the two transverse lines, or the one 



