THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



195 



whitish green, with a yellow stripe on each side. Like that of the Pebble 

 Prominent it feeds on poplars, and may also be found on willows in its 

 localities. The somewhat rare Lesser Swallow prominent [Notodonta 

 dictceoides) feeds on birch, and is deep brown with a purplish tinge, and has 

 a broad yellow stripe on each side. 



Other larvae feeping on birch are those of the Birch Mocha [Fphyra 

 pendularia), the White Wave [Cabera pusaria), the Miller [Acronycta 

 leporina), the quaint looking Lobster (Stauropus fctgi), and the Coxcomb 

 Prominent (Zopkopteryx camelinaj, together with those of Acronycta 

 auricoma, Notodonta tritophus, Platypteryx lacertinaria, Cymatophora 

 duplaris, G.fluctuosa, Tinea distrigella, Incurvaria pectinella, Swammerdamia, 

 griseo-capitella, Gelechia protimella, Atemelia torquatella, Ornix betulce- 

 tella, 0. Loganella, Lithocolletis ulmifoliella, L. cavella, Nepticula lutella, 

 N. argentip>edella and continuella. Bistrigella makes at first a linear mine, 

 and then a large blotch in which it cuts out an oval case ; pectinella, when 

 fall-grown, cuts out a flat case and descends to the ground. The first-named 

 of these is pale yellow, pectinella is dull whitish, griseo-capitella is pale green. 

 Protimella feeds in turned down leaves ; I have never seen torquatella, and 

 know nothing more about it than the fact that it is reputed to feed in elm 

 and birch leaves, and I may the same of betulcetella and Loganella. Ulmi- 

 foliella makes small, mines on the underside of the leaves, and cavella large 

 ones, luteella makes long contorted galleries, argentipedella dark brown 

 blothes, and continuella long dark green galleries. 



Besides the larvse of ziczac and dictcea, those of Smerinthus populi, Cerura 

 bifida, Notodonta tritophus, Pterostoma palpina, and Cymatophora or feed on 

 poplar, and Lithocolletis comparella and Nepticula trimaculella mine the 

 leaves. The first named of these two micro-lepidoptera makes a blotch on 

 the underside of the leaf, the other mines it in broad galleries. 



In addition to the caterpillars of the Swallow Prominent, we may find on 

 willows the pale whitish-green larvse of the Small Seraphim moth (Lobophora 

 sexalista), and occasionally those of the Emperor moth (Satitrnia carpini). 

 The Great Goat moth caterpillars {Cossus Ligniperda) also come out of their 

 burrows in September when full grown, preparatory to assuming the pupa 

 state. The little cones of Gracilaria stigmatella should be searched for on 

 the leaves by those who study the micro-lepidoptera. 



Another larva feeding in September on willow is the local Pempelia 

 hostilis. I have not myself met with it so am unable to describe it from 

 personal observation, but it is said to be " whitish green with several paler 

 stripes, spots black " (Treitscke, quoted by Stainton.) It is reputed also to 

 feed on poplar. 



