THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



197 



micro -lepidoptera feeding on oak leaves are Bucculatrix ulmella, Nepticula 

 alricapiiella, N. ruficapitella (which makes slender galleries), and the pale 

 greenish white N. suh-bimaculella, which mines the leaves in small blotches. 



The white black-spotted larva of Abraxas ulmata feeds in September on 

 elm, it has a pale yellow line along the spiracles and a black head ; the dull 

 dark-red Atomelia torquatella lives inside the leaves ; Lithocottetis Schreberella 

 and iristigetta also burrow in the leaves, making mines on the underside ; 

 Nepticula margincolella and viscerella too feed in the interior of the elm 

 leaves, the latter making a contorted blotch-like mine. The green caterpillar 

 of Melanthia albicillata feeds on bramble and also on raspberry, it has eight 

 triangular red spots on the back. Bomb'/x rubi, Thyatira derasa and T, 

 bails are other bramble- feeding larvse, and Lozotcenia musculana feeds between 

 the united leaves. 



Cambridge. 



BRITISH BIRDS : THEIR NESTS AND EGGS. 



By S. L. MOSLEY. 



FRINGILLID iE. 



Genus i. Fringilla Linn. 

 Fringilla — Latin for Pinch. 



Twelve species of this genus are found in this country, most of them com- 

 mon, but one of them is only a winter visitor. Three more have been met 

 with as accidental visitors. Most of them exhibit very bright colours. 



They feed upon seeds, grain, and insects. 



The nests are usually compactly built, and the eggs are white or blue, with 

 grey or brown spots or lines. 



70. CHAFFINCH. 



Fringilla coelebs, Linn. 



Ccelebs (Lat.) — a bachelor. 



Size. — Length 6| in., expanse 11| in. 



Plumage. — The adult male in breeding dress has the bill bluish lead- 

 colour ; eyes hazel ; next to the bill is a black patch ; head on top, behind, 

 and back of neck slaty-blue ; below this is a patch of yellowish olive; back 

 chestnut-brown ; rump and upper tail-coverts yellowish-green ; lesser wing- 

 coverts white ; greater wing-coverts blackish, with white tips ; primaries 

 blackish with narrow pale edges, and a white patch on the outer web of the 



