THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



243 



the chrysalides of Pterostoma palpina, we will dig the earth about and pos- 

 sibly we may find something else. Yes, here is a large red-brown glossy 

 pupa, which you infer from its size must be that of a hawk-moth. You are 

 quite right, it is the chrysalis of the Eyed hawk -moth {Smerinthus ocellatus). 

 I generally find one or two also under the apple trees in our garden. It 

 seems curious the larvae should feed on both willow and apple — trees so en- 

 tirely dissimilar — and the strangeness is not decreased by the fact that the 

 caterpillar is not an indiscriminate feeder. 



And here we have another large pupa, but not by any means so large in 

 size as ocellatus. It is not another hawk-moth pupa as you seem inclined to 

 think, but the chrysalis of the Buff- tip moth [Pygera bucephala). We find 

 it also under lime, oak, and other trees. 



You have been digging, you say, under the hedge and have found some 

 pupae which seem to you like instabilis. You are right, they are instabilis. 

 You notice there are several sloe bushes about, and upon these the larvae may 

 have fed. 



We will next pay a visit to yonder oak tree. The roots on one side are 

 covered by an interlacing growth of brambles, so it is just the place to look 

 for the pupae of Cymatophora ridens among the dead leaves and bits of wood, 

 and among these fallen leaves we may perchance find the chrysalis of Selenia 

 illustraria — it is enclosed in a very slight cocoon. Now we will lever up 

 the sods and pull them to pieces, just as we did under the willow tree, and 

 we shall be pretty certain to find Tceniocampa stablis and possibly munda 

 also. Among the other pupse to seek for under oak trees are those of Noto- 

 donta trepida, N. chaonia and N. dodoneea, and in their localities we may dig 

 for the pupse of the rare Nyssia hispidaria and the very rare Boarmia con- 

 sortaria. In addition to the chrysalides already mentioned, we may not im- 

 probably find that of the Lobster moth in a cocoon among the fallen leaves. 

 The caterpillar of Stauropus fagi pupates on the tree within three or 

 four leaves which it unites with its cocoon, and when these fall off the chry- 

 salis of course falls to the ground with them. 



Here is a reddish-brown moth, resting on the trunk of our oak tree, which 

 we at once recognise from its pale lines as the Chestnut {Cerastis vaccinii.) 

 This is not the only moth we may find in mild Novembers, for there are the 

 Dark Chesnut (C. spadicea), the Satellite (Scopelosoma satellitia), the Scarce 

 Umber (Hybernia aurantiaria) , the Mottled Umber (H. defoliaria), the 

 Winter moth (Ckeimatobia brumata) ) and the December moth (Pcecilocawpa 

 populi), and in their localities the rare Dasycampa rubiginea and Hoporina 

 croceago may be looked for. Dasypolia templi may also be found in the 

 north of England under stones. 



