108 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



Tortrix costana is another marsh loving species and this also has glossy 

 wings of a pale yellow colour. The brown central fascia is visible on the 

 costal margin, but fades away towards the middle of the wing; the costal spot 

 (likewise brown) is distinct, and there are two or three dark brown dots 

 below it; the hind wings are white. Specimens vary in size, from a little 

 over two- thirds of an inch to very nearly an inch. 



Tortrix viridana on oak, Pent/Una ochroleucana on rose, Dictyopteryx 

 forskaleana in folded maple leaves, Leptogramma boscana between united 

 elm leaves, Peronea variegana on hawthorn- bramble and also rose, and 

 Chrosis rutilana which may be found on the Chalk Downs in the South of 

 England, in a web spun amongst juniper twigs are some of the tortrix larvse 

 feeding in June, and these are all I have room for. Among the tineite larvse 

 are Swammerdamia coesiella, Scythropia cratcegella and Hyponomeuta 

 padella on hawthorn, Hyponomeuta plumb ella and evonymella on spindle, 

 Hyponomeuta malinellus on apple, Plutella xylostella on cruciferous plants, 

 P. Dalella on arabis, Cerostoma sequella on limes and sallows, C. radia- 

 tella ) costella, lucella t Ypsolophus sylvella and Phibalocera quercella on 

 oak, Depressaria umbellela on furze, D> arenella in thistle leaves as well as 

 those of knapweed, D. conterminella in terminal shoots of sallows and osiers 

 and D. applanella in folded leaves of several umbelliferous plants. These 

 are all I have space for. 



I have mentioned one or two tineina which occurs now in the perfect state, 

 but 1 am compelled to omit the remainder. 

 Cambridge. 



THE ORIGIN OF APTEROUS FEMALES. 



By G. PEARSON. 



All will agree with Mr. Anderson, that this interesting subject is worthy 

 the attention and discussion of entomologists, and doubtless every one has a 

 theory of his own, to account for this curious want of development in the 

 female of certain species — 



" For what thou hast not, still thou striv'st to get," 

 would suit the case of many, and cause such knotty questions to be passed 

 by, in our haste to get a " good series/' 



I do not quite agree with Mr. Anderson's theory that the absence of wings 

 gives them a greater security from the attacks of their natural foes, and has 

 been produced by causes operating to that end. My own theory is that this 



