114 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



well-wooded tract lying between Canterbury, Whitstable, and Hern Bay ; it is 

 the top bed in fine exposure at Loam-pit Hill, Lewisham, but the best place by 

 far at which to study it is the Isle of Sheppy, here it is seen to contain bands 

 of septaria, which are nodules of impure carbonate of lime, and also much 

 iron pyrites. 



Great number of fossils are found at Sheppy, among which are 

 Sheppy, Isle of 



Nautilus Sowerbyi, Bassinotopus Lamar ckii, Hoploparia ganimaroides, 

 Archaocarabus Bowerbankii, Goniaster Stohesii, Xanthopsis bispinosa, X, 

 nodesa, X. Leachii, Nipadites umbonatus, N. ellipticus, Cumcumiies vari- 

 abilis, Palceophis toliapicus, Chelone sp., Megalormis emuanus, Elasmo- 

 branch vertebrce, Myliobates toliapicus, Pycnodus toliapicus, Ampheristus 

 toliapicus, Goniognathus coryhotnoides, Scianurus Bowerbankii, Otodus 

 obliquus, 0. macrotus, Lamna elegans, L. dubia, L. compressa, Brychcetus 

 Mulleri, Odontopteryx toliapicus, Argillornis longipennis. 



BAGSHOT BEDS.— The Lower Bagshot Sands may be seen capping 

 the London clay in the cliffs near the east end, in the Isle of Sheppy. 



POST TERTIARY DEPOSITS.— The absence of the Drift (glacial 

 clays and gravels) allows us at once to state that all various beds of gravel, 

 sand, or brick earth, which rest in an irregular manner on all or any of the 

 rock masses we have been describing, are due to the agency of atmospheric 

 agents of denudation, of which rain and rivers take the chief place. Thus 

 the " Bone-bed " at Folkestone is a deposit of marl and flint gravel, which is 

 considered to have been deposited by the stream which now flows into Folk- 

 stone Harbour, no less than a hundred feet beneath it. The beds of brick- 

 earth and gravel, at Crayford and Erith, are favourite hunting grounds of 

 London geologists; here many species of land and fresh-water shells occur. 

 Erith. 



Bythinia tentaculata, Valvata piscinalis, Helix cantiana (land), II. nemo- 

 ralis (land), Succinea puiris, Limnea peregra, Planorbzs marginatus, P. 

 spirorbis, P, corneus, Ancylus fluviatilis, Planorbis carinatus, P. vortex, 

 Anodonta cyynea, Sphcerium corneum, Pisidium amnicum, P.fontinale, 

 Unio pectorum, Valvata cristata, Carychium minimum, Helix kispida, 

 Pupa marginata, also remains of elephants, rhinoceros, bear, &c. 



PRE-HISTORIC MAN. —Numerous and important discoveries of the 

 first implements, which are almost the only records we possess of the first 

 inhabitants of these islands, have been made in the county of Kent, on the 

 sea shore between Hern Bay and Reculver, more than a hundred of the early 



